The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Effect of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and 11-Hydroxy-Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on T-Lymphocyte and B-Lymphocyte Mitogen Responses
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) suppresses T-lymphocyte proliferation when added to human cell cultures. We report that THC when added to mouse splenocyte cultures suppressed T-lymphocyte (Con A, PHA) and B-lymphocyte (LPS) mitogen-induced proliferation. Although the ED50 concentrations (5 micrograms/ml; 1.6 X 10(-5)M) of THC were similar for suppressing all three mitogen responses, higher threshold concentrations of drug were required to effect suppression of the T-lymphocyte mitogen responses. Complete suppression of T- and B-lymphocyte responses was achieved with THC concentrations (8 micrograms/ml or 2.6 X 10(-5)M) which were not directly toxic as judged by vital dye exclusion. The hydroxylated metabolite of THC, 11-hydroxy-THC, was observed to be much less potent in the inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation. However, as with the parent compound, B-lymphocyte responses appeared to be the most affected by the drug. Additional studies demonstrated that both T- and B-lymphocyte proliferation is rapidly suppressed following THC treatment, not affected by a 24 hr. pretreatment with THC, and not as readily suppressed by THC in cultures containing 20% serum. Thus, THC appears to inhibit both T- and B-lymphocyte proliferation with B-lymphocyte responses displaying greater inhibition at lower drug concentration. The 11-hydroxy metabolite is much less suppressive in this system than the parent compound.
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“Selective antagonists of both the CB 2 receptor, SR144528, and CB 1 receptor, rimonabant, reverses the suppression of IFN-γ and IL-12, indicating that these receptors play necessary roles in the modulation of proinflammatory cytokines (Klein et al, 1985).”
From The endogenous cannabinoid system: a budding source of targets for treating inflammatory and neuropathic pain (2018) · cites this paper as Klein et al, 1985
In the citing paper
“Similarly, THC inhibits the proliferation of mouse splenic T cells stimulated by concanavalin A, and B cells stimulated by LPS (Klein et al, 1985).”
From The endogenous cannabinoid system: a budding source of targets for treating inflammatory and neuropathic pain (2018) · cites this paper as Klein et al, 1985
Citations
Cites
Inhibition of Cellular Mediated Immunity in Marihuana Smokers
Nahas, G. G., Suciu‐Foca, N., Armand, J., & Morishima, A. (1974) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.183.4123.419 · Cited by 236
Δ 1 -Tetrahydrocannabinol: Structure of a Major Metabolite
Nilsson, I. M., Agurell, S., Nilsson, J., Ohlsson, A., Sandberg, F., & Wahlqvist, M. L. (1970) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.168.3936.1228 · Cited by 103
Effects of Δ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabinol, Cannabinol and Cannabidiol on the Immune System in Mice
Baczynsky, W. O. T., & Zimmerman, A. M. (2008) · Pharmacology · doi:10.1159/000137763 · Cited by 45
Marihuana, tetrahydrocannabinol and T-cell function
Petersen, B. H., Graham, J., & Lemberger, L. (1976) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(76)90044-8 · Cited by 41
Smith, S., Harris, L. S., Uwaydah, I. M., & Munson, A. E. (1978) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)31404-7 · Cited by 40
Effects of Psychotropic Drugs on DNA Synthesis in Cultured Lymphocytes
Nahas, G. G., Desoize, B., & Léger, C.-L. (1979) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.3181/00379727-160-40447 · Cited by 36
The analysis of cannabinoids in biological fluids
(1983) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)88001-8 · Cited by 36
Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol suppression of the primary immune response in rats
Rosenkrantz, H., Miller, A. J., & Esber, H. J. (1975) · Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health · doi:10.1080/15287397509529312 · Cited by 34
Effects of Δ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabinol, Cannabinol and Cannabidiol on the Immune System in Mice
Baczynsky, W. O. T., & Zimmerman, A. M. (2008) · Pharmacology · doi:10.1159/000137764 · Cited by 30
The Constituents of Cannabis and the Disposition and Metabolism of Cannabinoids
Hawks, R. L. (1982) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e497082006-013 · Cited by 29
Research works printed but not linked: 6
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Items 101–102 of 102
Cannabinoids in immune system-related diseases: From bench to clinic
Zhang, W., Chen, B., Cao, Y., Lei, W., Zhao, H., Yang, Y., & Tang, J. (2025) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000003818
“[65,66] Studies have shown that THC has inhibitory effects on effector T cells and helper T cells.”
Cannabinoid Modulation of Chemotaxis of Macrophages and Macrophage-like Cells
Raborn, E. S. (2007) · VCU Scholars Compass (Virginia Commonwealth University) · doi:10.25772/qafe-q270
“In this capacity, THC affects a diverse array of immune cell types, including B 2 lymphocytes (Klein et al., 1985), Natural Killer cells (Specter et al., 1986), T lymphocytes (Zimmerman et al., 1977), macrophages (Raz and Goldman, 1976; Friedman et al., 1986) and macrophage-like cells (Puffenbarger…”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Klein, T. W., Newton, C. A., Widen, R., & Friedman, H.
- Affiliations
- University of South Florida (US)
- ORCID
- Klein, T. W.
- Venue
- Journal of Immunopharmacology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1985-01
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 451-466
- ISSN
- 0163-0571 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2112279043
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 2.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Immunopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA03646)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotoxicology and immune responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, 11-hydroxy-THC, THC metabolites, T cell proliferation, B cell proliferation, immunosuppression, splenocytes, concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, lipopolysaccharide
- MeSH terms
- Animals, B-Lymphocytes, Female, Kinetics, Lymphocyte Activation, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mitogens, T-Lymphocytes, Dronabinol, Mice, In Vitro Techniques
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