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Chronic Inhalation Toxicity of a Kaolin-Based Refractory Ceramic Fiber in Syrian Golden Hamsters
Abstract
Kaolin-based refractory ceramic fiber (RCF) is a man-made vitreous fiber used primarily in industrial high-temperature applications, especially for insulation of furnaces and kilns. Because of its increasing use and potential for human exposure, a chronic toxicity/ carcinogenicity inhalation study was conducted in Syrian golden hamsters. Two groups of 140 weanling male hamsters were exposed via nose-only inhalation to either HEPA-filtered air (chamber controls) or 30 mg/m3 (-220 fibers/cm3) of “size-selected” RCF fibers (1 µm in diameter and -25 /jm in length) for 6 h/day, 5 dayslwk for 18 mo. They were then held unexposed until -20% survival (20 mo). A positive control group of 80 hamsters was exposed to 10 mg/m3 chrysotile asbestos (0.09 µm average diameter and 2.2 µm average length). Groups of 3 hamsters were sacrificed at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 mo to follow the progression of lesions. Additional groups of 3 hamsters were removed from exposure at 3, 6, 9, and 12 mo and were held until 18 mo (recovery groups). Treatment-related lesions were restricted to the lungs. RCF exposure resulted in macrophage infiltration, bronchiolization of proximal alveoli, and microgranuloma formation by 3 mo of exposure. Interstitial and focal pleural fibrosis were observed at 6 mo. The pulmonary lesions progressed in severity until 12 mo after which they plateaued. In contrast, pleural fibrosis progressed until the end of the study. In recovery animals, there was no further progression of eit…
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“With chrysotile, the number of fibers > 5 μm in length was slightly decreased after a post-exposure period of 60 days while fibers < 5 μm and total fibers were increased, suggesting a fragmentation of the fibers [108].”
From Quantification of short and long asbestos fibers to assess asbestos exposure: A review of fiber size toxicity (2014) · cites this paper as [108]
In the citing paper
“The mean length of fibers was increased from 0.9 ± 2.4 μm to 1.4 ± 2.1 μm then to 1.2 ± 2.2 μm after periods of 1 day, 1 year and 2 years respectively, indicating a clearance of short fibers from the lung [108].”
From Quantification of short and long asbestos fibers to assess asbestos exposure: A review of fiber size toxicity (2014) · cites this paper as [108]
In the citing paper
“In conclusion, only two studies [107,108] were available in the literature. The data are consistent with the hypothesis of transversal breakage of the fibers, which increases the percentage of SAF.”
From Quantification of short and long asbestos fibers to assess asbestos exposure: A review of fiber size toxicity (2014) · cites this paper as [108]
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Cited by
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Boulanger, G., Andujar, P., Pairon, J.-C., Billon-Galland, M.-A., Dion, C., Dumortier, P., Brochard, P., Sobaszek, A., Bartsch, P., Paris, C., et al. (2014) · Environmental Health · doi:10.1186/1476-069x-13-59 · Cited by 176
Mesothelial Cell Proliferation and Biopersistence of Wollastonite and Crocidolite Asbestos Fibers
Macdonald, J. (1997) · Fundamental and Applied Toxicology · doi:10.1006/faat.1997.2344 · Cited by 19
Metadata
- Authors
- McConnell, E. E., Mast, R. W., Hesterberg, T. W., Chevalier, J., Kotin, P., Bernstein, D. M., Thevenaz, P., Glass, L. R., & Anderson, R.
- Venue
- Inhalation Toxicology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1995-01
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 503-532
- ISSN
- 0895-8378
- 1091-7691
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 0
- Language
- en
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- The paper
- McConnell, E. E., Mast, R. W., Hesterberg, T. W., Chevalier, J., Kotin, P., Bernstein, D. M., Thevenaz, P., Glass, L. R., & Anderson, R. (1995). Chronic Inhalation Toxicity of a Kaolin-Based Refractory Ceramic Fiber in Syrian Golden Hamsters. Inhalation Toxicology. https://doi.org/10.3109/08958379509015210
