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Cited by 19Blood Pressure and Hypertension StudiesHeart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlCardiovascular Function and Risk Factors

Acute and Chronic Effects of a Hypocaloric Diet on 24-Hour Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Heart-Rate Variability in Mildly-to-Moderately Obese Patients with Essential Hypertension

Minami, J., Kawano, Y., Ishimitsu, T., Matsuoka, H., Takishita, S.·1999·Clinical and Experimental Hypertension
DOI 10.3109/10641969909070857
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Abstract

We examined the acute and chronic effects of a nutritionally balanced, moderately hypocaloric diet on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure, heart rate and heart-rate variability in mildly-to-moderately obese patients with essential hypertension. We enrolled 16 obese patients with essential hypertension [age: 51-76 years, body mass index (BMI): 26-32 kg/m2]. For the initial week, a standard diet of 2,000 kcal/day was given, followed by a 3-week of a hypocaloric diet of 850 kcal/day. In the last period of the standard diet and in the first and the last periods of the hypocaloric diet, each subject's 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure, heart rate and R-R intervals of the electrocardiogram were recorded, and electrolytes and catecholamines in 24-hour urine samples were also measured. A power spectral analysis of the heart-rate variability was performed over a 24-hour period based on the autoregressive method. The subjects lost 3.7+/-0.3 kg (mean +/- s.e.m.) of body weight during the 3-week hypocaloric diet period. The 24-hour blood pressure did not differ between the last period of the standard diet and the first period of the hypocaloric diet; however, it showed a significant reduction after 3 weeks of the hypocaloric diet. The decrease in the 24-hour blood pressure during the study period was 10.5+/-1.5 mm Hg systole and 4.3+/-1.8 mm Hg diastole. In contrast, the 24-hour heart rate was significantly reduced in the first period of the hypocaloric diet, although the body weight and blood pressure did not change, and the rate was maintained even in the last period of the hypocaloric diet. The decrease in the 24-hour heart rate during the study period was 2.8+/-0.9 beats per minute. The hypocaloric diet did not change any autonomic indices obtained from a power spectral analysis of the heart-rate variability. In conclusion, different responses to a hypocaloric diet were observed between the blood pressure and the heart rate in obese hypertensive patients. The changes in power spectral parameters of the heart-rate variability were less apparent than those found with the blood pressure or the heart rate.

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  • Obesity is characterized by elevated cytokine levels.

    “Obesity, on the other hand, is characterized by diminished vagus nerve output and elevated cytokine levels, which have been implicated in mediating insulin resistance and atherosclerosis (91)(92)(93)(94)(95).”

    From Physiology and immunology of the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway (2007) · cites this paper as [93]

  • Obesity is characterized by diminished vagus nerve output.

    “Obesity, on the other hand, is characterized by diminished vagus nerve output and elevated cytokine levels, which have been implicated in mediating insulin resistance and atherosclerosis (91)(92)(93)(94)(95).”

    From Physiology and immunology of the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway (2007) · cites this paper as [93]

  • Elevated cytokine levels have been implicated in mediating insulin resistance and atherosclerosis.

    “Obesity, on the other hand, is characterized by diminished vagus nerve output and elevated cytokine levels, which have been implicated in mediating insulin resistance and atherosclerosis (91)(92)(93)(94)(95).”

    From Physiology and immunology of the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway (2007) · cites this paper as [93]

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Authors
Minami, J., Kawano, Y., Ishimitsu, T., Matsuoka, H., & Takishita, S.
Affiliations
  • National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center (JP)
  • Dokkyo University (JP)
Corresponding author
Minami, J.
ORCID
Kawano, Y.
Venue
Clinical and Experimental Hypertension
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
1999-01
Volume
21
Issue
8
Pages
1413-1427
ISSN
  • 0148-3927 (ISSN-L)
  • 1064-1963
  • 1525-6006
DOI
10.3109/10641969909070857
OpenAlex
W2124477866
Cited by
19
References
29
Citations by year
2021: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2012: 2
FWCI
1.45
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Clinical and Experimental Hypertension (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
Keywords
hypocaloric diet, essential hypertension, obesity, ambulatory blood pressure, heart rate, heart rate variability, autonomic nervous system, weight loss, catecholamines, electrolytes, power spectrum analysis, autoregressive models, 24-hour urine collection, RR interval
MeSH terms
Blood Pressure, Energy Intake, Catecholamines, Diet, Reducing, Electrocardiography, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Potassium, Sodium, Body Mass Index, Treatment Outcome, Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory

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