Cited by 267Mental Health Treatment and AccessTreatment of Major DepressionAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

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Prevalence, Treatment, and Control of Depressive Symptoms in the United States: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2005-2008

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Shim, R. S., Baltrus, P., Ye, J., Rust, G.·2011·The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

DOI 10.3122/jabfm.2011.01.100121PMC PMC3161724

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: depression remains a major public health problem that is most often evaluated and treated in primary care settings. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence, treatment, and control of depressive symptoms in a national data sample using a common primary care screening tool for depression. METHODS: we analyzed a sample of adults (n = 4836) from 2005 to 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to determine the overall prevalence, rates of treatment, and antidepressant control of mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe depressive symptoms. RESULTS: of the sample, 20.1% reported significant depressive symptoms (PHQ-9) score, ≥ 5), the majority of whom had mild depressive symptoms (PHQ-9) score, 5-9). Even among individuals with severe depressive symptoms, a large percentage (36.9%) received no treatment from a mental health professional or with antidepressant medication. Of those taking antidepressants, 26.4% reported mild depressive symptoms and 18.8% had moderate, moderately severe, or severe depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: despite greater awareness and treatment of depression in primary care settings, the prevalence of depressive symptoms remains high, treatment levels remain low, and control of depressive symptoms are suboptimal. Primary care providers need to continue to focus their efforts on diagnosing and effectively treating this important disease.

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Authors: Shim, R. S., Baltrus, P., Ye, J., & Rust, G.
Affiliations: Morehouse School of Medicine (US)
ORCID: Shim, R. S.
Baltrus, P.
Rust, G.
Venue: The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
Publisher: American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM)
Published: 2011-01-01
Volume: 24
Issue: 1
Pages: 33-38
ISSN: 1557-2625 (ISSN-L)
1558-7118
DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2011.01.100121
PMC: PMC3161724
OpenAlex: W2046197761
Cited by: 267
References: 28
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 24.88
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Atlanta Clinical and Translational Science Institute
Morehouse School of Medicine
National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000454)
National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR025008)
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: depressive symptoms, depression prevalence, antidepressant treatment, treatment gap, PHQ-9, primary care, depression screening, mental health service utilization
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Antidepressive Agents, Behavior Therapy, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Patient Care, Health Status Indicators, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Psychometrics, Quality of Health Care, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, United States, Prevalence, Confidence Intervals, Young Adult

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Prevalence, Treatment, and Control of Depressive Symptoms in the United States: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2005-2008

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