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Cited by 27Veterinary Practice and Education StudiesNeuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical InnovationsHealthcare professionals’ stress and burnout

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Over-the-Counter Stimulant, Depressant, and Nootropic Use by Veterinary Students

Hofmeister, Erik H., Muilenburg, Jessica L., Kogan, Lori, Elrod, Susan M.·2010·Journal of Veterinary Medical Education
DOI 10.3138/jvme.37.4.403
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Abstract

US veterinary students are subject to significant stress throughout their veterinary education. In this article, the authors characterize the use of over-the-counter (OTC) medications and relate their use to stress in a veterinary student population. Of the students sampled, 35% were OTC medication users; 33% of these were regular OTC medication users. Forty-three percent of students were energy drink (ED) users; 45% of these were regular ED users. OTC medication users had significantly higher stress scores than non-OTC medication users, and ED users had significantly higher anxiety scores than non-ED users. The most common reasons for use given by OTC medication users were to help with studying and to fall asleep at night. Depression scores were significantly higher for juniors and sophomores than for freshmen. Depression, stress, and anxiety scores were all lower in the Colorado State University students when compared with the University of Georgia students. OTC medication and ED veterinary student users had distinct characteristics that differed from those of nonusers. Users suffered from more stress and anxiety and had more difficulties with sleep, which may have affected their overall health and academic performance. Educating veterinary students about the consequences of using OTC medication and ED and providing counseling support may be of benefit to veterinary students' psychological well-being.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3138/jvme.37.4.403

Cites

32 of 32 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Verification

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Claims other papers make about this one

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  • Higher caffeine use is associated with greater reporting of anxiety symptoms and may increase risk of symptom relapse and suicide among bipolar disorder patients.

    “There is also good evidence that higher caffeine use is associated with greater reporting of anxiety symptoms (211, 212) and may increase risk of symptom relapse (213) and suicide among bipolar disorder patients (214).”

    From The Safety of Ingested Caffeine: A Comprehensive Review (2017) · cites this paper as [211]

Citations

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Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. Gilliland K, 1981, Am J Psychiatry, 138, 512
  2. Witek TJ, 1995, Ann Allerg Asthma Im, 74, 419
  3. Vanecek J, 1998, Phys Rev, 78, 687
  4. Pittler MH, 2003, Cochrane Db Syst Rev, CD003383
  5. Linde K, 2008, Cochrane Db Syst Rev, CD000448
  6. Glass JR, 2003, J Clin Psychopharm, 23, 260

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Metadata

Authors
Hofmeister, E. H., Muilenburg, J. L., Kogan, L., & Elrod, S. M.
Affiliations
University of Georgia (US)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Veterinary Medical Education
Publisher
University of Toronto Press Inc. (UTPress)
Published
2010-12
Volume
37
Issue
4
Pages
403-416
ISSN
  • 0748-321X (ISSN-L)
  • 1943-7218
DOI
10.3138/jvme.37.4.403
OpenAlex
W1972346317
Cited by
27
References
32
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
FWCI
1.78
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Veterinary Medical Education (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Veterinary Practice and Education Studies
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
Keywords
over-the-counter drugs, energy drinks, veterinary students, stress, anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, stimulants, depressants, psychological well-being, academic performance
MeSH terms
Central Nervous System Stimulants, Anxiety, Central Nervous System Agents, Central Nervous System Depressants, Colorado, Depression, Nonprescription Drugs, Education, Veterinary, Fatigue, Female, Georgia, Humans, Male, Self Medication, Stress, Psychological, Students, Health Occupations, United States, Sex Distribution, Nootropic Agents

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