National character revisited
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In the first edition of the Handbook of Social Psychology published in 1954 D. J. Levinson and I sought to define the field of national character research as "the study of modal personality and sociocultural systems". While acknowledging the legitimacy of deriving national character from the institutional or cultural forms shared by a population or from the behavior of their nation in acts such as war, peace and commerce, we urged that "national character ought to be equated with modal personality structure; that is, should refer to the mode or modes of distribution of personality variants within a given society".
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National character, or the average personality type in a nation, has often been shown to be associated with such variables as happiness and depression.
“National character, or the average personality type in a nation, has often been shown to be associated with such variables as happiness and depression (e.g., Inglehart 1990;Inkeles 1990;Stack and Eshelman 1998).”
From The Effect of Religiosity on Tax Fraud Acceptability: A Cross‐National Analysis (2006) · cites this paper as Inkeles 1990
In “The happiness of nations” (page unavailable), Inkeles treats stable national differences in self-reported happiness as a possible national-character trait and suggests links with child-rearing values. The paper does not establish an association with clinical depression or show that associations with both outcomes have often been demonstrated; its mention of “economic depression” refers to economic conditions. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Research works printed but not linked: 20
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- Buchanan, W. and H. Cantril: How Nations See Each Other, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1953.
- Butcher, James N. and Paolo Pancheri: A Handbook of Cross-National MMPI Research, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1976.
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- Inkeles, Alex: Industrial Man; The Relation of Status to Experience, Perception, Value, American Journal of Sociobgy, Vol. 66, No. 1, July 1960, pp. 1-31.
- Inkeles, Alex, and Daniel J. Levinson: National Character: The Study of Modal Personali¬ ty and Sociocultural Systems, in The Handbook of Social Psychobgy, Gardiner Lindzey, ed., 1954, pp. 977-1020; and 2nd ed., G. Lindzey and E. Aronson, eds., Reading, Mass., Addison-Wesley, 1968-69, vol. IV, pp. 418-506. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, International Conference: Growth and Progress in Cross-cultural Psychology: Selected Papersfrom the Eighth Internatio¬ nal Conference, Berwyn: Swets North America, 1987.
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- Authors
- Inkeles, A.
- Corresponding author
- Inkeles, Alex
- Venue
- The Tocqueville Review
- Published
- 1991-12
- Volume
- 12
- Pages
- 83-117
- ISSN
- 0730-479X (ISSN-L)
- 1918-6649
- OpenAlex
- W2567584057
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ssoar.info
- Locations
- The Tocqueville Review/La revue Tocqueville (publishedVersion)
- Social Science Open Access Repository (GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences) (submittedVersion)
- OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Keywords
- national character, personality structure, sociocultural systems, cultural influences on personality
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