Strength grading of structural timber
Open accessAbstract
All timber used for construction in the EU has to be strength graded and CE marked. To grade a piece of timber we can use visual or machine grading. The procedure to obtain and approve the settings for a new machine or visual standard is described. The approval is restricted to wood species, size of specimen and source of origin. A comparison of visual and machine grading is based on the German DIN 4074-1 visual grading standard and the Slovenian STIG grading machine for Slovenian spruce. The results show that machine grading is a better option, since we can grade to higher strength grades and the number of pieces in a grade is higher. Also, machine grading is faster, easier to implement and more reliable. Machine grading operates in multiple grading combinations, whereas visual grading usually has only one grade combination. To produce highest grade glulam, machine grading is needed.
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Edyns of 10300 N/mm2 for C24, 12800 N/mm2 for C30, and 13700 N/mm2 for C35 were obtained in 1020 pieces of Slovenian Norway spruce and silver fir tested with STIG [33].
“Edyns of 10300 N mm 2 for C24, 12800 N mm 2 for C30 and 13700 N mm 2 for C35 obtained in 1020 pieces of Slovenian Norway spruce and silver fir tested with STIG [33]”
From Grading of recovered Norway spruce (Picea abies) timber for structural purposes (2023) · cites this paper as [33]
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Grading of recovered Norway spruce (Picea abies) timber for structural purposes
Llana, D. F., Íñiguez-González, G., Plos, M., & Turk, G. (2023) · Construction and Building Materials · doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.132440 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Fortuna, B., Plos, M., Šuligoj, T., & Turk, G.
- Venue
- Common Foundations 2018 - uniSTem: 6th Congress of Young Researchers in the Field of Civil Engineering and Related Sciences
- Published
- 2018-09-25
- OpenAlex
- W2892053643
- Cited by
- 7
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 1.48
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Common Foundations - uniSTem: Congress of Young Researchers in the Field of Civil Engineering and Related Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Wood Treatment and Properties
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Forest Management and Policy
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Bamboo properties and applications
- Keywords
- structural timber, strength grading, automated grading, visual grading, glued laminated timber, CE marking
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