A phenomenological exploration of the lived experiences and self-management challenges among patients with type 2 diabetes living with neuropathy in Indonesia

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a widespread chronic condition often complicated by Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN). Over time, T2D with DPN can diminish a patient's capacity for self-management in their daily home life. Therefore, understanding patients' lived experiences in managing self-management is crucial to prevent further complications. However, studies exploring this critical concern are scarce, which can pose challenges for community nursing practice. This study intended to investigate the lived experiences, perceived barriers, and coping strategies related to self-management among patients with T2D and DPN. To achieve this objective, a phenomenological study design was utilized. A total of twelve participants were selected through purposive sampling. All participants had confirmed protective sensation loss, as evidenced by positive results from a 10g monofilament test. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews conducted in the participants' homes between November 2021 and January 2022. Transcripts were analyzed verbatim using Colaizzi's method. The study identified five major themes: limited knowledge of diabetes self-management, varied blood glucose regulation strategies, barriers to diabetes care, physical and psychological consequences of DPN, and the crucial role of family and peer support in reinforcing treatment adherence. Nurses should emphasize the importance of family member engagement in daily diabetes care, as this provides essential practical and emotional support. Future nursing research should investigate intervention models that integrate educational support, community counseling, and family involvement across broader diabetes populations. Keywords: Neuropathy, phenomenology, self-management, social support, type 2 diabetes