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Cited by 80Animal health and immunologyRuminant Nutrition and Digestive PhysiologyAnimal Nutrition and Physiology

Immune responses of Holstein and Jersey calves during the preweaning and immediate postweaned periods when fed varying planes of milk replacer

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Ballou, M.A.·2012·Journal of Dairy Science
DOI 10.3168/jds.2012-5970
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Abstract

The objective was to determine the influence of breed and planes of preweaned milk replacer (MR) nutrition on the immune responses of pre- and postweaned dairy calves. Forty-two bull calves (n=20 Holstein and n=22 Jersey, 2±1 d old) were studied. Holstein and Jersey calves came from separate dairies. Calves were fed either a higher plane of MR nutrition or a lower plane of MR nutrition. Holstein and Jersey calves on the lower planes of MR nutrition were fed 454 g (as fed)/d of a 20% crude protein (CP)/20% fat MR. Holstein calves on the higher plane of MR nutrition were fed 810 and 1,180 g (as fed)/d of a 28% CP/20% fat MR for wk 1 and wk 2 to 6, respectively. Jersey calves on the higher plane of nutrition were fed 568 and 680 g (as fed)/d of a 28% CP/25% fat MR for wk 1 and wk 2 to 6, respectively. On d 4, 42, and 77, peripheral blood was collected for ex vivo immunological analyses, and on d 7 all calves were challenged subcutaneously with commercially available lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli (4 µg/kg of body weight); clinical and biochemical responses were evaluated at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 72 h. We observed a breed difference in total serum protein, wherein Jersey calves had higher concentrations than Holsteins. Holsteins and calves fed the higher plane of MR nutrition had greater glucose concentrations following the LPS challenge. With the exception of plasma haptoglobin concentrations at 24 h postchallenge, we observed no treatment × time interactions following the LPS challenge. Calves fed higher planes of MR nutrition had greater plasma haptoglobin concentrations 24h following the LPS challenge. Isolated mononuclear cells from Holstein calves secreted more tumor necrosis factor-α than did cells from Jersey calves when stimulated ex vivo with LPS on d 77. In addition, when whole blood was incubated with a live enteropathogenic E. coli culture, blood from Holsteins had a greater killing capacity than did whole blood from Jerseys. Calves fed higher planes of MR nutrition had greater neutrophil oxidative burst intensities at d 77 when cocultured with E. coli for 10 min. In addition, Jersey calves fed the lower plane of MR nutrition had reduced neutrophil oxidative burst capacity and whole blood E. coli killing at d 77 compared with the other groups. These data indicate that Jersey calves had lower measures of many innate immune variables despite likely having greater passive transfer, as evidenced by greater total serum protein concentrations. Furthermore, feeding a higher plane of MR nutrition to Jersey calves improved some postweaning innate immune responses.

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  • Data from several non-transport-related studies suggest that higher planes of nutrition improve immune function in calves, potentially reducing the risk of disease and mortality during and after transport.

    “Generally, data from several non-transport-related studies suggest that higher planes of nutrition improve immune function in calves, potentially reducing the risk of disease and mortality during and after transport (Nonnecke et al., 2003; Ballou, 2012).”

    From Effects of pre- and post-transport feeding protocols on the metabolism and physiological status of veal calves. (2025) · cites this paper as Ballou, 2012

    The Discussion (page not provided) says higher planes of milk replacer nutrition partially improved innate immune responses, chiefly in Jersey calves after weaning. It also says infection-challenge research is needed to determine whether those immune differences improve resistance to disease. The study does not establish reduced disease or mortality risk during or after transport. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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Authors
Ballou, M. A.
Affiliations
Texas Tech University (US)
Corresponding author
Ballou, M.A.
ORCID
Ballou, M.A.
Venue
Journal of Dairy Science
Publisher
American Dairy Science Association
Published
2012-12
Volume
95
Issue
12
Pages
7319-7330
ISSN
0022-0302 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3168/jds.2012-5970
OpenAlex
W1977661402
Cited by
80
References
43
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 1
FWCI
8.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Dairy Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Texas Tech University
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal health and immunology
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Keywords
dairy calves, milk replacer, plane of nutrition, Holstein, Jersey, breed differences, immune response, lipopolysaccharide challenge, TNF-α, haptoglobin, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, blood mononuclear cells, serum proteins, glucose, weaning, calf nutrition, innate immunity, humoral immunity, bactericidal activity
MeSH terms
Animals, Animal Feed, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Animals, Newborn, Blood Glucose, Blood Proteins, Cattle, Diet, Haptoglobins, Lipopolysaccharides, Neutrophils, Weaning, Respiratory Burst

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