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Cited by 43Animal health and immunologyRuminant Nutrition and Digestive PhysiologyAnimal Nutrition and Physiology

β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and glucose concentrations in the blood of dairy calves as influenced by age, vaccination stress, weaning, and starter intake including evaluation of BHB and glucose markers of starter intake

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Suarez-Mena, F.X., Hu, W., Dennis, T.S., Hill, T.M., Schlotterbeck, R.L.·2017·Journal of Dairy Science
DOI 10.3168/jds.2016-12181
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Abstract

The objective of this research was to determine how blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and glucose are affected by age, time of day, stress, weaning, forced intake restriction, and voluntary starter intake in calves between 1 and 9 wk of age, and to evaluate if either is an acceptable proxy for starter intake. Holstein calves were fed a 27% crude protein, 17% fat milk replacer at 660 g of dry matter daily along with free-choice starter and water. Calves were weaned on d 42. Jugular blood was sampled at 0800, 1200, and 1600 h, and within 5 min of sampling BHB, and glucose concentrations were estimated using test strips (Nova Max Plus meter, Nova Biomedical Corporation, Waltham, MA). Age effects and time of day were estimated by sampling blood weekly (d 6, 13, 20, 27, 34, 41, and 48). To determine vaccination stress, a Pasteurella vaccine was administered after blood sampling at 0800 h on d 36. Effect of voluntary starter intake was tested by selecting calves for low and high intakes (d 35 to 39) and sampling on d 40, 41, 43, and 44. Starter intake restriction was tested by restricting intake in half of the calves and sampling on d 60 and 61. Data were analyzed with repeated measurements in a mixed model procedure with either within-calf effect (day or week) or within-calf effects (hour, and day or week) included in the model. Time of day did not affect blood BHB and glucose in the first 6 wk. Blood BHB was greater in wk 7 versus wk 1 to 6. Blood glucose was greater in the first 5 wk compared with wk 6 and 7. Blood BHB increased and glucose decreased with increasing starter intake. Blood BHB declined due to vaccination, but glucose was unaffected. Starter intake restriction reduced BHB for 3 d and glucose for 2 d after restriction. Both were affected by time of day. Around weaning (d 40 to 44), BHB and glucose increased with increasing starter intake. In this research, neither blood BHB nor glucose was a good proxy for starter intake. Blood BHB was positively and glucose negatively related to starter intake; however, relationships were weak, variable, and affected by time of day, stress, and intake restriction. Over 30% of calves tested ≤0.2 mmol/L BHB when consuming >1,250 g/d of starter, and test strip increments were 0.1 mmol/L, which represented >25% of the mean blood BHB concentration. In this study, neither blood BHB nor glucose was an acceptable proxy for estimating starter intake.

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Authors
Suarez-Mena, F. X., Hu, W., Dennis, T. S., Hill, T. M., & Schlotterbeck, R. L.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Dairy Science
Publisher
American Dairy Science Association
Published
2017-04
Volume
100
Issue
4
Pages
2614-2624
ISSN
0022-0302 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3168/jds.2016-12181
OpenAlex
W2583248113
Cited by
43
References
25
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4
FWCI
5.21
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Dairy Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal health and immunology
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Keywords
beta-hydroxybutyrate, blood glucose, dairy calves, starter intake, weaning, vaccination stress, ketosis, Holstein calves, milk replacer, time of day, age effects, rumen fermentation, energy metabolism
MeSH terms
Animals, Animal Feed, Blood Glucose, Cattle, Diet, Eating, Glucose, Vaccination, Weaning, 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid

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