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Cited by 123Effects of Environmental Stressors on LivestockThermoregulation and physiological responsesAnimal Behavior and Welfare Studies

Effect of Summer Weather on Performance of Holstein Cows in Three Stages of Lactation

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Maust, L.E., Mcdowell, R.E., Hooven, N.W.·1972·Journal of Dairy Science
DOI 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(72)85635-2
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Abstract

Energy intake, milk yield, milk fat and rectal temperature of 36 Holstein cows representing three stages of lactation, were examined in relation to air temperature, relative humidity, indices combining these two variables (THI and THe) and wind velocity occurring June to August, Averages for maximum daily temperature, mean daily, THI, and relative humidity were 31 C, 26 C, 75 and 63%.Values of THI and maximum temperature showed closest relation to cow response.For all stages of lactation, 9% of the variation in milk yield, 13% in milk fat, 5% in feed intake and 65% in rectal temperature were attributable to weather conditions.Rectal temperature and energy intake had the highest correlation with weather on the same day while conditions 2 to 3 days previous were most closely associated with milk yield and milk composition.Changes in feed intake and milk yield depended largely on the stage of lactation.Midlactation cows (100 to 180 days) were most adversely affected; late (180 to 260 days), intermediate, and early (< I00 days) least.Early stage cows consumed the least feed energy but were highest in production indicating they utilized body reserves rapidly to offset the impact of thermal stress.Although weather conditions for the 52 days of study were significantly correlated with milk yield, milk fat percent and energy intake, effects were generally less than reported from studies in heat chambers.--.13 --.13 --,22 --.21 --.25 --.17 --.24 --.23 Minimum --.11 --.11

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  • Many thermal indices have been developed and some applied with pigs, including THI, BGHI, ET, and H.

    “Over the past decades, many indices have been developed in the assessment of thermal environment, and some have been applied with pigs, such as the temperature-humidity index (THI) [9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16], the globe-humidity index (BGHI) [17,18], the effective temperature (ET) [19,20] and the enthalpy (H) [21].”

    From Modeling of Heat Stress in Sows—Part 1: Establishment of the Prediction Model for the Equivalent Temperature Index of the Sows (2021) · cites this paper as [13]

    The Abstract and Results and Discussion describe using THI to assess summer weather and Holstein cow responses, supporting the citation as an example of a thermal index in use. The paper studies cows, not pigs, so it does not support the pig-specific application attributed to the THI citations. BGHI, ET, and H have separate citations in the citing sentence. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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Related

Authors
Maust, L. E., Mcdowell, R. E., & Hooven, N. W.
Affiliations
United States Department of Agriculture (US)
ORCID
Mcdowell, R.E.
Venue
Journal of Dairy Science
Publisher
American Dairy Science Association
Published
1972-08
Volume
55
Issue
8
Pages
1133-1139
ISSN
0022-0302 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(72)85635-2
OpenAlex
W1989787030
Cited by
123
References
13
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 4
FWCI
3.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
Journal of Dairy Science (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
  • Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
Keywords
heat stress, Holstein cows, lactation stage, milk yield, milk fat, rectal temperature, feed intake, thermal humidity index, relative humidity, air temperature, wind speed, body reserves, dairy cow performance

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