Cited by 440Traumatic Brain Injury ResearchTraumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular DisturbancesLong-Term Effects of COVID-19

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Association of traumatic brain injury with subsequent neurological and psychiatric disease: a meta-analysis

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Perry, David C., Sturm, Virginia E., Peterson, Matthew J., Pieper, Carl F., Bullock, Thomas, Boeve, Bradley F., Miller, Bruce L., Guskiewicz, Kevin M., Berger, Mitchel S., Kramer, Joel H., Welsh-Bohmer, Kathleen A.·2016·Journal of Neurosurgery

DOI 10.3171/2015.2.jns14503PMC PMC4751029

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Abstract

OBJECT: Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been proposed as a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, depression, and other illnesses. This study’s objective was to determine the association of prior mild TBI with the subsequent diagnosis (that is, at least 1 year postinjury) of neurological or psychiatric disease. METHODS: All studies from January 1995 to February 2012 reporting TBI as a risk factor for diagnoses of interest were identified by searching PubMed, study references, and review articles. Reviewers abstracted the data and assessed study designs and characteristics. RESULTS: Fifty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. A random effects meta-analysis revealed a significant association of prior TBI with subsequent neurological and psychiatric diagnoses. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for the development of any illness subsequent to prior TBI was 1.67 (95% CI 1.44–1.93, p < 0.0001). Prior TBI was independently associated with both neurological (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.31–1.83, p < 0.0001) and psychiatric (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.50–2.66, p < 0.0001) outcomes. Analyses of individual diagnoses revealed higher odds of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, mild cognitive impairment, depression, mixed affective disorders, and bipolar disorder in individuals with previous TBI as compared to those without TBI. This association was present when examining only studies of mild TBI and when considering the influence of study design and characteristics. Analysis of a subset of studies demonstrated no evidence that multiple TBIs were associated with higher odds of disease than a single TBI. CONCLUSIONS: History of TBI, including mild TBI, is associated with the development of neurological and psychiatric illness. This finding indicates that either TBI is a risk factor for heterogeneous pathological processes or that TBI may contribute to a common pathological mechanism.

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Chapter 22. Neurocognitive Disorders
Merideth, F. L., Vahia, I. V., & Jeste, D. V. (2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378869.lg22
Chapter 2. The Neurological Examination for Neuropsychiatric Assessment
Benjamin, S., & Lauterbach, M. D. (2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378869.lg02
Chapter 25. Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
Dickerman, A. L., & Muskin, P. R. (2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378869.lg25
Chapter 1. An Internist’s Approach to the Neuropsychiatric Patient
Rencic, J. J., & Salem, D. N. (2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378869.lg01
Chapter 4. Neuroimaging, Electroencephalography, and Lumbar Puncture in Medical Psychiatry
Talmasov, D., & Klein, J. P. (2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378869.lg04
Chapter 6. Cardiovascular Disease
Shapiro, P. A. (2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378869.lg06
Chapter 7. Endocrine Disorders and Their Psychiatric Manifestations
Gagliardi, J. P. (2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378869.lg07
Chapter 24. Insomnia
Doghramji, K. (2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378869.lg24
Chapter 23. Chronic Pain
McCarron, R. M., Sheth, S. J., Mesa, C. D., & Parish, M. B. (2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378869.lg23
Chapter 3. The Bedside Cognitive Examination in Medical Psychiatry
Glass, S. P. (2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378869.lg03
Chapter 17. Psychotic Disorders Due to Medical Illnesses
Brown, H. E., Mukerji, S., & Freudenreich, O. (2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378869.lg17
Chapter 10. Gastroenterological Disease in Patients With Psychiatric Disorders
Nadkarni, A., & Silbersweig, D. (2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378869.lg10
Index
(2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378869.index
Chapter 16. Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Hauptman, A. J., & Benjamin, S. (2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378869.lg16
Chapter 18. Catatonia in the Medically Ill Patient
Beach, S. R., & Fricchione, G. L. (2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378869.lg18
Chapter 12. Neurological Conditions and Their Psychiatric Manifestations
Fogel, B. S., Baslet, G. C., Safar, L. T., Raynor, G., & Silbersweig, D. (2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378869.lg12
Chapter 20. Anxiety and Related Disorders: Manifestations in the General Medical Setting
Hebert, C. L., Banayan, D. J., Forcén, F. E., Perticone, K., Guttikonda, S., & Pollack, M. (2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378869.lg20
Chapter 13. Cancer: Psychiatric Care of the Oncology Patient
Fernandez-Robles, C. G., & Glass, S. P. (2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378869.lg13
Chapter 19. Mood Disorders Due to Medical Illnesses
Mauer, S., Querques, J., & D, P. S. M. (2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378869.lg19
Front Matter
(2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378869.fm01
Chapter 15. Women’s Mental Health and Reproductive Psychiatry
Almeida, M., Brown, K. M., Mittal, L. P., Nathan, M., & Joffe, H. (2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378869.lg15
Chapter 8. Inflammatory Diseases and Their Psychiatric Manifestations
Gonzalez, R. L., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378869.lg08
Chapter 14. Dermatology: Psychiatric Considerations in the Medical Setting
Taylor, K. A., Gordon-Elliott, J. S., & Muskin, P. R. (2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378869.lg14
Chapter 9. Infectious Diseases and Their Psychiatric Manifestations
Freudenreich, O., Donnelly-Boylen, K. M., & Gandhi, R. T. (2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378869.lg09
Chapter 21. Substance Use Disorders in the Medical Setting
Sharma, S., Haddad, S. E., & Suzuki, J. (2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378869.lg21
Chapter 5. Toxicological Exposures and Nutritional Deficiencies in the Psychiatric Patient
Zein, M., Khan, S., Legha, J. K., & Wasserman, L. (2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378869.lg05

Authors: Perry, D. C., Sturm, V. E., Peterson, M. J., Pieper, C. F., Bullock, T., Boeve, B. F., Miller, B. L., Guskiewicz, K. M., Berger, M. S., Kramer, J. H., & Welsh-Bohmer, K. A.
Affiliations: Pediatrics and Genetics (US)
University of California, San Francisco (US)
United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, and
Mayo Clinic (US)
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
Neurosurgery;
Duke University (US)
ORCID: Perry, David C.
Sturm, Virginia E.
Peterson, Matthew J.
Pieper, Carl F.
Boeve, Bradley F.
Miller, Bruce L.
Guskiewicz, Kevin M.
Berger, Mitchel S.
Kramer, Joel H.
Welsh-Bohmer, Kathleen A.
Venue: Journal of Neurosurgery
Publisher: Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)
Published: 2016-02
Volume: 124
Issue: 2
Pages: 511-526
ISSN: 0022-3085 (ISSN-L)
1933-0693
DOI: 10.3171/2015.2.jns14503
PMC: PMC4751029
OpenAlex: W2130029062
Cited by: 440
References: 107
Citations by year: 2026: 33 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 16
FWCI: 3.30
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Journal of neurosurgery (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (1km1ca156687-01, AG016574)
National Institute on Aging (P30 AG28377, P30AG028377, U01AG006786, K23AG040127, R01AG041797, P50AG1657303, R01AG032306, K23AG045289, P01AG019724, P50AG023501, P50AG016574)
National Cancer Institute (KM1-CA156687)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
Keywords: mild traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, bipolar disorder, mild cognitive impairment, risk factors
MeSH terms: Mental Disorders, Brain Concussion, Brain Injuries, Dementia, Humans, Nervous System Diseases, Risk Factors

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Association of traumatic brain injury with subsequent neurological and psychiatric disease: a meta-analysis

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