Legionella pneumophila-Induced Visual Learning Impairment Reversed by Anti-Interleukin-1
Abstract
Infecting mice with the opportunistic intracellular pathogen Legionella pneumophila markedly inhibited place learning of infected C57BL/6 mice as determined by the Morris water maze test. Mice infected with L. pneumophila evinced much less ability to learn the position of a hidden platform than did normal noninfected mice, which quickly learned the location of the hidden platform and escaped from the cool water of the pool with increasing efficiency. However, infected mice treated with anti-interleukin-1 (anti-IL-1) neutralizing antibody learned the task with about the same efficiency as the controls. When the animals were tested 1 week after learning, control animals remembered the task well and were able to escape with near maximal efficacy. On the other hand, L. pneumophila-infected mice performed as poorly after the 1 week rest as during the training period, indicating that infection blocked learning and not merely performance. Mice infected with L. pneumophila and given the antibody treatment were found to be indistinguishable from controls in that they remembered the task and escaped with good efficiency. Thus, the results of this study suggest that the pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1 beta, is involved, at least partly, in the attenuation of spatial navigational learning in mice infected acutely with a sublethal concentration of L. pneumophila. These results, therefore, suggest that cognitive impairment of L. pneumophila-infected mice may be related to the cytokine IL-1 beta and, furthermore, that cytokines may be related to learning and memory changes experienced by individuals suffering acute bacterial infections.
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Animal studies demonstrated that systemic immune activation by viral, bacterial, or parasitic infections results in impaired memory functioning.
“Studies in experimental animals demonstrated that systemic immune activation by viral, bacterial, or parasitic infections result in impaired memory functioning [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23].”
From Dose-dependent effects of endotoxin on neurobehavioral functions in humans (2011) · cites this paper as [19]
Animal data suggest detrimental effects of acute systemic inflammation on long term memory.
“Animal data suggest detrimental effects of acute systemic inflammation on long term memory [3], [19], [21], 22,23.”
From Dose-dependent effects of endotoxin on neurobehavioral functions in humans (2011) · cites this paper as [19]
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- Authors
- Gibertini, M., Newton, C., Klein, T. W., & Friedman, H.
- Affiliations
- University of South Florida (US)
- ORCID
- Klein, T. W.
- Venue
- Experimental Biology and Medicine
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 1995-10-01
- Volume
- 210
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 7-11
- ISSN
- 0071-3384 (ISSN-L)
- 1535-3702
- 1535-3699
- OpenAlex
- W2043532601
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Experimental Biology and Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ai016618-11)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (T32DA007245, DA-07245)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI 16618)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Legionella and Acanthamoeba research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- Legionella pneumophila, IL-1β, spatial learning impairment, place learning, cognitive impairment, inflammatory cytokines, bacterial infection, memory consolidation, neuroinflammation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Female, Immunization, Passive, Interleukin-1, Learning, Learning Disabilities, Legionnaires' Disease, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Vision, Ocular, Legionella pneumophila, Mice
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