Streptomycin, a Substance Exhibiting Antibiotic Activity Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria.*
Abstract
A new antibacterial substance, designated as streptomycin, was isolated from two strains of an actinomyces related to an organism described as Actinomyces griseus. This substance resembles streptothricin in its solubility in water, mode of isolation and concentration from culture medium, its selective activity against gram-negative bacteria, and its limited toxicity to animals. However, the two substances differ in the nature of their respective bacteriostatic spectra as well as in their quantitative action upon different bacteria. It is suggested that one is dealing here with two closely related chemical compounds.
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Streptomycin was the first aminoglycoside antibiotic and the first effective treatment for tuberculosis; tetracycline provided broad-spectrum activity; chloramphenicol was effective against typhoid fever and meningitis.
“Among the most impactful were streptomycin, the first aminoglycoside antibiotic and the first effective treatment for tuberculosis [11]; tetracycline, which provided broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms; and chloramphenicol, a powerful agent effective against life-threatening infections such as typhoid fever and meningitis [12].”
From The penicillin revolution and the role of the forgotten pioneer Vincenzo Tiberio (1869-1915): discovery, development and legacy. (2025) · cites this paper as [11]
Penicillin targets PBPs and peptidoglycan, which are unique to prokaryotic organisms and absent in eukaryotic cells, enabling selective toxicity.
“The targets of penicillin – PBPs and peptidoglycan – are unique to prokaryotic organisms and entirely absent in eukaryotic cells, including those of humans and animals. This means that penicillin can be used to kill or inhibit bacterial pathogens without harming host tissues, a pharmacological ideal known as selective toxicity [11].”
From The penicillin revolution and the role of the forgotten pioneer Vincenzo Tiberio (1869-1915): discovery, development and legacy. (2025) · cites this paper as [11]
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Lekshmi, M., Ammini, P., Kumar, S., & Varela, M. F. (2017) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms5010011 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Alginate-based sustained release drug delivery systems for tuberculosis
Ahmad, Z., & Khuller, G. (2008) · Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery · doi:10.1517/17425240802600662 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Varotto, E., Galassi, F. M., Martini, M., Gallitto, L., & Ingaliso, L. (2025) · Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2025.66.2.3647
- Authors
- Schatz, A., Bugle, E., & Waksman, S. A.
- Venue
- Experimental Biology and Medicine
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 1944-01-01
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 66-69
- ISSN
- 1535-3702
- 1535-3699
- Cited by
- 847
- References
- 0
- Language
- en
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