Outbreak of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Los Santos, Panama, 1999–2000
Open accessAbstract
An outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome occurred in the province of Los Santos, Panama, in late 1999 and early 2000. Eleven cases were identified; 9 were confirmed by serology. Three cases were fatal; however, no confirmed case-patient died. Case-neighborhood serologic surveys resulted in an overall hantavirus antibody prevalence of 13% among household and neighborhood members from the outbreak foci. Epidemiologic investigations did not suggest person-to-person transmission of hantavirus infection. By use of Sin Nombre virus antigen, hantavirus antibodies were detected in Oligoryzomys fulvescens and Zygodontomys brevicauda cherriei. This outbreak resulted in the first documented cases of human hantavirus infections in Central America.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Evidence from comparative studies does not support human-to-human transmission of hantavirus infection, with the exception of 1 prospective cohort study in Chile with serious risk of bias and no unexposed comparison group.
“Evidence from comparative studies (the strongest level of evidence available) does not support human-to-human transmission of hantavirus infection [12, 15, 27, 34, 36, 38], with the exception of 1 prospective cohort study in Chile with serious RoB and no unexposed comparison group [29].”
From Evidence for Human-to-Human Transmission of Hantavirus: A Systematic Review (2022) · cites this paper as [27]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Genetic Identification of a Hantavirus Associated with an Outbreak of Acute Respiratory Illness
Nichol, S. T., Spiropoulou, C. F., Morzunov, S. P., Rollin, P. E., Ksiazek, T. G., Feldmann, H., Sanchez, A., Childs, J. E., Zaki, S. R., & Peters, C. J. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8235615 · Cited by 1,119 · see citing works
Self-citationHantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome: A Clinical Description of 17 Patients with a Newly Recognized Disease
Duchin, J. S., Koster, F. T., Peters, C. J., et al. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199404073301401 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
Self-citationHantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Pathogenesis of an emerging infectious disease.
Zaki, S. R., Greer, P. W., Coffield, L. M., et al. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Childs, J. E., Ksiazek, T. G., Spiropoulou, C. F., Krebs, J. W., Morzunov, S. P., Maupin, G. O., Gage, K. L., Rollin, P. E., Sarisky, J., Enscore, R. E., et al. (1994) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/169.6.1271 · Cited by 511 · see citing works
Self-citationPadula, P. J., Edelstein, A., Miguel, S. D. L., López, N. M., Rossi, C. M., & Rabinovich, R. D. (1998) · Virology · doi:10.1006/viro.1997.8976 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
The Ecology and Evolutionary History of an Emergent Disease: Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
Yates, T. L., Mills, J. N., Parmenter, C. A., Ksiazek, T. G., Parmenter, R., Castle, J. R. V., Calisher, C. H., Nichol, S. T., Abbott, K. D., Young, J. C., et al. (2002) · BioScience · doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0989:teaeho]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Self-citationEcologic Studies of Rodent Reservoirs: Their Relevance for Human Health
Mills, J. N., & Childs, J. E. (1998) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid0404.980403 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Self-citationEngelthaler, D. M., Mosley, D. G., Cheek, J. E., Levy, C. E., Komatsu, K. K., Ettestad, P., Davis, T., Tanda, D. T., Miller, L., Frampton, J. W., et al. (1999) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid0501.990110 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Nolte, K. B., Feddersen, R. M., Foucar, K., et al. (1995) · Human Pathology · doi:10.1016/0046-8177(95)90123-x · Cited by 255 · see citing works
An Unusual Hantavirus Outbreak in Southern Argentina: Person-to-Person Transmission?
(1997) · Emerging Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3201/eid0302.970210 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
An Outbreak of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Chile, 1997
Toro, J., Vega, J. D., Khan, A. S., Mills, J. N., Padula, P., Terry, W., Yadón, Z., Valderrama, R., Ellis, B. A., Pavletic, C., et al. (1998) · Emerging Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3201/eid0404.980425 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Self-citationGenetic Diversity and Epidemiology of Hantaviruses in Argentina
Levis, S., Morzunov, S. P., Rowe, J. E., Enria, D. A., Pini, N., Calderón, G. E., Sabattini, M. S., & Jeor, S. C. S. (1998) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/514221 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Laguna Negra Virus Associated with HPS in Western Paraguay and Bolivia
Johnson, A. M., Bowen, M. D., Ksiazek, T. G., Williams, R. J., Bryan, R. T., Mills, J. N., Peters, C. J., & Nichol, S. T. (1997) · Virology · doi:10.1006/viro.1997.8840 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Self-citationHantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome: The First 100 US Cases
Khan, A. S., Khabbaz, R. F., Armstrong, L. R., Holman, R. C., Bauer, S. P., Graber, J., Strine, T., Miller, G., Reef, S., Tappero, J., et al. (1996) · Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/173.6.1297 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Self-citationCardiopulmonary manifestations of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
Hallin, G. W., Simpson, S. Q., Crowell, R. E., et al. (1996) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-199602000-00012 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Identification of a New North American Hantavirus that Causes Acute Pulmonary Insufficiency
Ksiazek, T. G., Peters, C. J., Rollin, P. E., et al. (1995) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1995.52.117 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Self-citationPadula, P., Colavecchia, S. B., Martínez, V. P., et al. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.38.8.3029-3035.2000 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Vincent, M. J., Quiroz, E., Gracia, F., Sanchez, A. J., Ksiazek, T. G., Kitsutani, P. T., Ruedas, L. A., Tinnin, D. S., Cáceres, L., García, A., et al. (2000) · Virology · doi:10.1006/viro.2000.0563 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Self-citationIsolation of black creek canal virus, a new hantavirus from Sigmodon hispidus in Florida
Rollin, P. E., Ksiazek, T. G., Elliott, L. H., et al. (1995) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.1890460108 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Self-citationAn Outbreak of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome in Western Paraguay
Williams, R. J., Bryan, R. T., Mills, J. N., Palma, R. E., Vera, I., De Velasquez, F., Baez, E., Schmidt, W. E., Figueroa, R. E., Peters, C. J., et al. (1997) · The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1997.57.274 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citationGenetic investigation of novel hantaviruses causing fatal HPS in Brazil
Johnson, A. M., de Souza, L. T. M., Ferreira, I. B., Pereira, L. E., Ksiazek, T. G., Rollin, P. E., Peters, C. J., & Nichol, S. T. (1999) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(199912)59:4 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citationGenetic Diversity and Distribution of Peromyscus-Borne Hantaviruses in North America
Monroe, M. C., Morzunov, S. P., Johnson, A. M., et al. (1999) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid0501.990109 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Hjelle, B. L., Lee, S.-C., Song, W., Torrez-Martinez, N. E., Song, J. W., Yanagihara, R. T., Gavrilovskaya, I. N., & Mackow, E. R. (1995) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.69.12.8137-8141.1995 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Khan, A. S., Gaviria, M., Rollin, P. E., Hlady, W. G., Ksiazek, T. G., Armstrong, L., Greenman, R. L., Ravkov, E. V., Kolber, M. A., Anapol, H., et al. (1996) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(96)90010-8 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationHantavirus Reservoir Hosts Associated with Peridomestic Habitats in Argentina
Calderón, G. E., Pini, N., Bolpe, J., et al. (1999) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid0506.990608 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Hantavirus Transmission in the United States
Wells, R. M., Young, J., Williams, R. J., Armstrong, L. R., Busico, K., Khan, A. S., Ksiazek, T. G., Rollin, P. E., Zaki, S. R., Nichol, S. T., et al. (1997) · Emerging Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3201/eid0303.970314 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationFatal illness associated with a new hantavirus in Louisiana
Khan, A. S., Spiropoulou, C. F., Morzunov, S. P., et al. (1995) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.1890460320 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationHjelle, B. L., Goade, D. S., Torrez-Martinez, N. E., Lang-Williams, M., Kim, J., Harris, R. L., & Rawlings, J. (1996) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/clinids/23.3.495 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome: Report of the first three cases in São Paulo, Brazil
da SILVA, M. V., Vasconcelos, M. J., Hidalgo, N. T., et al. (1997) · Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo · doi:10.1590/s0036-46651997000400010 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Torrez-Martinez, N. E., Bharadwaj, M., Goade, D., et al. (1998) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid0401.980115 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Andes Virus and First Case Report of Bermejo Virus Causing Fatal Pulmonary Syndrome
Padula, P., Valle, M. G. D., García-Alai, M., Cortada, P., Villagra, M., & Gianella, A. (2002) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid0804.010300 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Evaluation of the Magnitude of the 1993 Hantavirus Outbreak in the Southwestern United States
Simonsen, L., Dalton, M. J., Breiman, R. F., et al. (1995) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/172.3.729 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Acute Sin Nombre Hantavirus Infection without Pulmonary Syndrome, United States
Kitsutani, P. T., Denton, R. W., Fritz, C. L., et al. (1999) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid0505.990512 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationHantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome Associated with Monongahela Virus, Pennsylvania
Rhodes, L. V., Huang, C., Sanchez, A. J., Nichol, S. T., Zaki, S. R., Ksiazek, T. G., Humphreys, J. G., Freeman, J. J., & Knecht, K. R. (2000) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid0606.000610 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationHantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome in a Chilean Patient with Recent Travel in Bolivia
Espinoza, R., Vial, P., Noriega, L. M., et al. (1998) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid0401.980112 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME IN THE PROVINCE OF RIO NEGRO, ARGENTINA, 1993-1996
CANTONI, G., LAZARO, M., RESA, A., ARELLANO, O., AMESTOY, A. M., DE BUNDER, S., HERRERO, E., PEREZ, A., & LARRIEU, E. (1997) · Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo · doi:10.1590/s0036-46651997000400002 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome—Panama, 1999-2000
(2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.283.17.2232-jwr0503-3-1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [10]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Outbreak of acute illness—southwestern United States, 1993. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1993; 42: 421– 4. 8502213
- [34]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Case definitions for infectious conditions under public health surveillance. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1997; 46(RR-10): 1– 50. 9148133
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Climate change and respiratory infections
Mirsaeidi, M., Motahari, H., Taghizadeh Khamesi, M., Sharifi, A., Campos, M., & Schraufnagel, D. E. (2016) · Annals of the American Thoracic Society · doi:10.1513/annalsats.201511-729ps · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Evidence for Human-to-Human Transmission of Hantavirus: A Systematic Review
Toledo, J., Haby, M. M., Reveiz, L., Sosa Leon, L., Angerami, R., & Aldighieri, S. (2022) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiab461 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Heat Impacts on Work, Human Performance, and Daily Life
Kjellstrom, T., Lemke, B., Matthias Otto, P., Hyatt, O. M., Briggs, D. J., & Freyberg, C. A. (2015) · Climate Change and Public Health · doi:10.1093/med/9780190202453.003.0004 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bayard, V., Kitsutani, P. T., Barria, E. O., Ruedas, L. A., Tinnin, D. S., Muñoz, C., de Mosca, I. B., Guerrero, G., Kant, R., Garcia, A., Caceres, L., Gracia, F. G., Quiroz, E., de Castillo, Z., Armien, B., Libel, M., Mills, J. N., Khan, A. S., Nichol, S. T., Rollin, P. E., Ksiazek, T. G., & Peters, C. J.
- Affiliations
- Universidad de Panamá (PA)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama;
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- University of New Mexico (US)
- Ministry of Health, Panama City, Panama;
- Complejo Hospital A.A.M., Panama City, Panama;
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Americas (US)
- Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (PA)
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kitsutani, Paul T.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Emerging Infectious Diseases
- Published
- 2004-09
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1635-1642
- ISSN
- 1080-6040 (ISSN-L)
- 1080-6059
- PMC
- PMC3320309
- OpenAlex
- W2096982373
- Cited by
- 78
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Emerging infectious diseases (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Greater South Information System
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral Infections and Vectors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Virology and Viral Diseases
- Keywords
- hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, hantavirus outbreak, Sin Nombre virus, Oligoryzomys fulvescens, hantavirus antibodies, rodent reservoirs, seroprevalence, human-to-human transmission, Central America
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Animals, Antibodies, Viral, Child, Child, Preschool, Disease Outbreaks, Disease Reservoirs, Female, Health Surveys, Orthohantavirus, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Panama, Population Surveillance, Rodentia, Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
