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Cited by 89Fungal Infections and StudiesAntifungal resistance and susceptibilityActinomycetales infections and treatment

Mycotic Infections Acquired outside Areas of Known Endemicity, United States

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Benedict, Kaitlin, Thompson, George R., Deresinski, Stan, Chiller, Tom·2015·Emerging Infectious Diseases
DOI 10.3201/eid2111.141950PMC PMC4622235
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Abstract

In the United States, endemic mycoses--blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, and histoplasmosis--pose considerable clinical and public health challenges. Although the causative fungi typically exist within broadly defined geographic areas or ecologic niches, some evidence suggests that cases have occurred in humans and animals not exposed to these areas. We describe cases acquired outside regions of traditionally defined endemicity. These patients often have severe disease, but diagnosis may be delayed because of a low index of suspicion for mycotic disease, and many more cases probably go entirely undetected. Increased awareness of these diseases, with a specific focus on their potential occurrence in unusual areas, is needed. Continued interdisciplinary efforts to reevaluate and better describe areas of true endemicity are warranted, along with a more nuanced view of the notion of endemicity. The term "nonendemic" should be used with care; mycoses in such regions might more accurately be considered "not known to be endemic."

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  • Locally acquired infections outside these areas in the US have been reported, showing that the geographic range of histoplasmosis in the US is wider than is often appreciated.

    “Locally acquired infections outside these areas in the US have been reported, showing that the geographic range of histoplasmosis in the US is wider than is often appreciated [163].”

    From Race and ethnicity: Risk factors for fungal infections? (2023) · cites this paper as [163]

  • Most blastomycosis cases are thought to occur in the midwestern, south-central, and southeastern states, in areas surrounding the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys, the Great Lakes, and the Saint Lawrence River.

    “In the United States, most blastomycosis cases are thought to occur in the midwestern, south-central, and southeastern states, in areas surrounding the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys, the Great Lakes, and the Saint Lawrence River.”

    From Blastomycosis Surveillance in 5 States, United States, 1987–2018 (2021) · cites this paper as [4]

  • The infection's true range is broader than generally appreciated.

    “Cases also occur outside these regions, indicating that the infection’s true range is broader than generally appreciated (4,5).”

    From Blastomycosis Surveillance in 5 States, United States, 1987–2018 (2021) · cites this paper as [4]

  • Blastomycosis can occur in areas outside those where it is commonly recognized.

    “Blastomycosis also can occur in areas outside those where it is commonly recognized (4) and might be emerging in new areas, such as east-central New York (5).”

    From Blastomycosis Surveillance in 5 States, United States, 1987–2018 (2021) · cites this paper as [4]

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Martin DS, Smith DT. Blastomycosis I; a review of the literature. Am Rev Tuberc. 1939;39:275-304.
  2. Concise Medical Dictionary. 8th ed. [cited 2015 Sep 1]. http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/ acref/9780199557141.001.0001/acref-9780199557141 Address for correspondence: Kaitlin Benedict, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 · DOI

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Authors
Benedict, K., Thompson, G. R., Deresinski, S., & Chiller, T.
Affiliations
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
Corresponding author
Benedict, Kaitlin
ORCID
Venue
Emerging Infectious Diseases
Publisher
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Published
2015-11
Volume
21
Issue
11
Pages
1935-1941
ISSN
  • 1080-6040 (ISSN-L)
  • 1080-6059
DOI
10.3201/eid2111.141950
PMC
PMC4622235
OpenAlex
W1807981409
Cited by
89
References
38
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 3
FWCI
0.91
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Emerging infectious diseases (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Fungal Infections and Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Microbiology › Actinomycetales infections and treatment
Keywords
blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, endemic mycoses, delayed diagnosis, underdiagnosis, United States
MeSH terms
Blastomycosis, Coccidioidomycosis, Histoplasmosis, Humans, Lung Diseases, Fungal, United States, Endemic Diseases

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