Cited by 155Indigenous Health, Education, and RightsSurvey Methodology and NonresponseIndigenous Cultures and History

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Back to the basics: Identifying and addressing underlying challenges in achieving high quality and relevant health statistics for Indigenous populations in Canada

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Smylie, Janet, Firestone, Michelle·2015·Statistical Journal of the IAOS

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Abstract

Canada is known internationally for excellence in both the quality and public policy relevance of its health and social statistics. There is a double standard however with respect to the relevance and quality of statistics for Indigenous populations in Canada. Indigenous specific health and social statistics gathering is informed by unique ethical, rights-based, policy and practice imperatives regarding the need for Indigenous participation and leadership in Indigenous data processes throughout the spectrum of indicator development, data collection, management, analysis and use. We demonstrate how current Indigenous data quality challenges including misclassification errors and non-response bias systematically contribute to a significant underestimate of inequities in health determinants, health status, and health care access between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people in Canada. The major quality challenge underlying these errors and biases is the lack of Indigenous specific identifiers that are consistent and relevant in major health and social data sources. The recent removal of an Indigenous identity question from the Canadian census has resulted in further deterioration of an already suboptimal system. A revision of core health data sources to include relevant, consistent, and inclusive Indigenous self-identification is urgently required. These changes need to be carried out in partnership with Indigenous peoples and their representative and governing organizations.

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Authors: Smylie, J., & Firestone, M.
Affiliations: St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
Corresponding author: Smylie, Janet
ORCID: Smylie, Janet
Firestone, Michelle
Venue: Statistical Journal of the IAOS
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2015
Volume: 31
Issue: 1
Pages: 67-87
ISSN: 1874-7655 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3233/sji-150864
PMC: PMC4716822
OpenAlex: W1446504491
Cited by: 155
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1
FWCI: 9.52
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Statistical Journal of the IAOS (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Public Health Agency of Canada
Public Health Agency
U.S. Public Health Service (137902-1)
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (137902_1)
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Indigenous Health, Education, and Rights
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Survey Methodology and Nonresponse
Social Sciences › Anthropology › Indigenous Cultures and History
Keywords: Indigenous data sovereignty, indigenous self-identification, misclassification, nonresponse bias, health disparities, census, health data quality, health data sources, Canada

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Back to the basics: Identifying and addressing underlying challenges in achieving high quality and relevant health statistics for Indigenous populations in Canada

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