Aliens and apocalypticism: Christian End Times and alien conspiracy theories

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

They put more emphasis on a demonic deception that takes the form of apparent extraterrestrial visitation.

“They also put more emphasis on a demonic deception that takes the form of apparent extraterrestrial visitation.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

They believe that Satan is actively working to manipulate human history for his own ends, and they attribute the rise of ideas they oppose to his influence.

“They believe that Satan is actively working to manipulate human history for his own ends, and they attribute the rise of ideas they oppose to his influence.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The milieu has no leader or leaders dictating what is and is not acceptable.

“while some like Thomas Horn loom larger than other members, there is no leader or leaders in this group dictating what is and is not acceptable.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

These authors agree on the broad strokes of their beliefs, but often disagree on the particulars.

“These authors agree on the broad strokes of their beliefs, but often disagree on the particulars.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

This milieu argues that they are filling in a gap in conservative Christianity.

“This milieu argues that they are filling in a gap in conservative Christianity.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

This milieu's teachings on spiritual warfare were promoted by addressing concerns about spirituality and transhumanism.

“Goodroad discusses how this milieu's teachings on spiritual warfare were promoted by addressing concerns about spirituality and transhumanism.”

• cites GoodroadNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

These authors might be dismissed as fringe, but they do have followings.

“While these authors might be dismissed as being fringe, they do have followings.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Gilbert argues in a 2022 book that Apollyon is a separate being, the leader of fallen angels known as the Watchers.

“Gilbert, while he says he used to believe this, argues in a 2022 book that Apollyon is a separate being, the leader of fallen angels known as the Watchers.”

• cites [70] 70. "Speakers." Defender Conference. Accessed June 14, 2022. https://defenderconference.com/speakers/.Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The published works of these authors accurately reflect their beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

This crosses over with conspiracy theories that have been part of premillennialist discourse for decades, if not centuries.

“This crosses over with conspiracy theories that have been part of premillennialist discourse for decades, if not centuries.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

These authors simultaneously see themselves as educators of the realities of this conflict, but also believe that they and their readers can do little to actively fight in it; there is almost no discussion of 'practical' spiritual warfare.

“They simultaneously see themselves as educators of the realities of this conflict, but also believe that they and their readers can do little to actively fight in it; there is almost no discussion of “practical” spiritual warfare.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The published works of these authors accurately reflect their beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Another major conceit of these authors is that mankind is repeating the conditions that existed on Earth before the Flood.

“Another major conceit of these authors is that mankind is repeating the conditions that existed on Earth before the Flood.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The published works of these authors accurately reflect their beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Horn does not agree with the idea that the United States is in any way a Christian nation, seeing the influence of the occult from early in the nation's history.

“As can be seen, Horn does not agree with the idea that the United States is in any way a Christian nation, seeing the influence of the occult from early in the nation's history.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The published works of these authors accurately reflect their beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

On the whole, it is a disconnected phenomenon.

“There are sometimes conferences catering to this milieu, but on the whole, it is a disconnected phenomenon.”

May combine two claims.

While Heiser appears to be the major cornerstone for much of this theology, he distinguishes himself by not casting his source net as wide; he sticks primarily to ancient sources, such as ancient literature and scholarly sources discussing them.

“While Heiser appears to be the major cornerstone for much of this theology, he distinguishes himself by not casting his source net as wide; he sticks primarily to ancient sources, such as ancient literature and scholarly sources discussing them.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The published works of these authors accurately reflect their beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Some have noted and warned about the similarities between the SLSW movement and some of these authors, Horn in particular.

“That has not stopped some from noting (and warning about) the similarities between the SLSW movement and some of these authors, Horn in particular.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

While most conservative commentators read 'gods' in Psalm 82 as referring to human judges, these authors read it literally, according to the 'Deuteronomy 32 Worldview.'

“While most conservative commentators read “gods” as referring to human judges, these authors read it literally, according to the “Deuteronomy 32 Worldview.””

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The published works of these authors accurately reflect their beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

This milieu has a similarly dim view of America, condemning its social ills and paganism.

“This milieu has a similarly dim view of America, condemning its social ills and paganism.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

They also challenge other conservative fundamentalists regarding how these events should be interpreted.

“They also challenge other conservative fundamentalists regarding how these events should be interpreted.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

These authors cite Psalm 82 as proof of their worldview.

“These authors cite Psalm 82 as proof of their worldview.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The published works of these authors accurately reflect their beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Browning sees Apollyon as a jab at the Roman Emperor Domitian, who fancied himself 'Apollo on earth.'

“Browning sees Apollyon as a jab at the Roman Emperor Domitian, who fancied himself “Apollo on earth.””

• cites [68] 68. Putnam, Cris. "The Doctrine of Man: A Critique of Christian Transhumanism." (2011): 1-21. Accessed May 10, 2022. https://www.academia.edu/4162109/A_Critique_of_Christian_Transhumanism.Not checked — no full text of the source

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The published works of these authors accurately reflect their beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

This passive view is because, in the view of authors like Horn and Putnam, 'spiritual warfare is largely in the realm of ideas.'

“This passive view is because, in the view of authors like Horn and Putnam, “spiritual warfare is largely in the realm of ideas.””

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The published works of these authors accurately reflect their beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

These authors do not tend to focus on the events themselves, but instead on what they see as the conditions that will make the rise of the Antichrist and his consolidation of power possible.

“These authors do not tend to focus on the events themselves, but instead on what they see as the conditions that will make the rise of the Antichrist and his consolidation of power possible.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Horn reads apoleia as a reference to Apollyon, which he then reads as a reference to Apollo.

“Horn reads apoleia as a reference to Apollyon, which he then reads as a reference to Apollo.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The published works of these authors accurately reflect their beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

To these authors, the End Times is a literal battle between the spiritual forces of good and the spiritual forces of evil.

“To these authors, the End Times is a literal battle between the spiritual forces of good and the spiritual forces of evil.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The published works of these authors accurately reflect their beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

This milieu does not give the reader advice on how to fight these spiritual beings.

“However, this milieu does not give the reader advice on how to fight these spiritual beings.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

This milieu does not deviate from 'traditional' End Times expectations; the broad narrative of Rapture, Tribulation, and Millennium remains intact.

“This milieu does not deviate from “traditional” End Times expectations.The broad narrative of Rapture➔Tribulation➔Millennium remains intact.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

There does not seem to be a direct connection between the SLSW movement and this group.

“It should be noted that there does not seem to be a direct connection between the SLSW movement and this group.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

This milieu sees the rise of genetic engineering as a sign of the technology that these pre-Flood civilizations possessed.

“This milieu sees the rise of genetic engineering as a sign of the technology that these pre-Flood civilizations possessed, a topic that will be explored in more detail in the next chapter.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

These authors compare the mythologies of other cultures to show the influence of the Nephilim, noting how multiple cultures have a tradition of serpent beings that share the appearance of the Watchers.

“These authors also compare the mythologies of other cultures to show the influence of the Nephilim, noting how multiple cultures have a tradition of serpent beings that share the appearance of the Watchers.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The published works of these authors accurately reflect their beliefs.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Spiritual warfare is seen as being at the heart of world events, and humans in many ways are simply swept up in it.

“Spiritual warfare is seen as being at the heart of world events, and humans in many ways are simply swept up in it.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

This spiritual warfare is often read as occurring in a noncorporeal realm, but this milieu sees it as spreading beyond that and into the world we inhabit.

“This spiritual warfare is often read as occurring in a noncorporeal realm.However, this milieu sees it as spreading beyond that and into the world we inhabit.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

This milieu makes the case that they are the only ones discussing human modification and warning other Christians about the risks it represents.

“In spite of the skepticism coming from multiple Christian viewpoints, this milieu makes the case that they are the only ones discussing human modification and warning other Christians about the risks it represents.”

May combine two claims.

Gilbert, Alberino, and Heiser all agree that the Watchers were able to corrupt humanity, and that the Nephilim were a symptom of that.

“However, they all agree that the Watchers were able to corrupt humanity, and that the Nephilim were a symptom of that.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The published works of these authors accurately reflect their beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Heiser goes into more detail about spiritual warfare than the other authors, but he also does not give the reader an active role in the conflict; he is not meant to directly fight this battle, his mere salvation is enough.

“Heiser goes into more detail about spiritual warfare than the other authors, but he also does not give the reader an active role in the conflict; he is not meant to directly fight this battle, his mere salvation is enough.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The published works of these authors accurately reflect their beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Their use of alternative sources has resulted in contention from the few who have responded to these authors using Christian arguments.

“Their use of alternative sources has resulted in contention from the few who have responded to these authors using Christian arguments.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

In contrast, the other authors, Horn and Putnam in particular, draw from multiple other sources, primarily apocryphal books, mainly the Book of Enoch but also the Book of Jubilees.

“In contrast, the other authors, Horn and Putnam in particular, draw from multiple other sources, primarily apocryphal books, mainly the Book of Enoch but also the Book of Jubilees.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The published works of these authors accurately reflect their beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

One of the areas these authors have crossed over with is a Pentecostal movement called 'Strategic Level Spiritual Warfare.'

“One of the areas these authors have crossed over with is a Pentecostal movement called “Strategic Level Spiritual Warfare.””

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

They claim that transhumanism has not been properly addressed by other Christians, that even conservative Christianity downplays the supernatural, and that some common understandings of the End Times are flawed.

“They claim that transhumanism has not been properly addressed by other Christians, that even conservative Christianity downplays the supernatural, and that some common understandings of the End Times are flawed.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). The quote only partly states this claim.

The authors under discussion echo those warnings about a one-world religion.

“The authors under discussion echo those warnings.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

While they undoubtedly crossover, these authors are more likely to cite Heiser than a SLSW follower.

“While they undoubtably crossover, these authors are more likely to cite Heiser than a SLSW follower.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The published works of these authors accurately reflect their beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

One of the most striking aspects of this milieu is its focus on spiritual warfare.

“One of the most striking aspects of this milieu is its focus on spiritual warfare.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Another key part of this worldview are the Watchers and the Nephilim.

“Another key part of this worldview are the Watchers and the Nephilim.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

This milieu argues that transhumanism and genetic modification are dangers to mankind's soul, that they will corrupt man and render him no more in God's image.

“This milieu argues that transhumanism and genetic modification are dangers to mankind's soul.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Rather than shying away from these issues, these authors tackle them head-on, educating their audience on everything from quantum mechanics to transhumanism.

“Rather than shying away from these issues, these authors tackle them head-on, educating their audience on everything from quantum mechanics to transhumanism.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Heiser says that, while his own conclusions are uncomfortable, he is not debunking important Christian doctrine.

“Heiser also says that, while his own conclusions are”

• cites Heiser, Unseen, 13Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

These authors take the impact of spiritual warfare seriously; according to them, most of human history has been the result of this invisible conflict.

“These authors take the impact of spiritual warfare seriously. According to them, most of human history has been the result of this invisible conflict.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The final focus on the Millennium, the kingdom ruled by Christ, receives short shrift in these books.

“The key thing missing is the final focus on the Millennium, that final kingdom”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Alberino joins Putnam in criticizing Christian transhumanism, arguing that it is a paradox since the very goal of transhumanism is posthumanism, to eliminate death.

“He joins Putnam in criticizing”

• cites Alberino, 273Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

To this milieu, genetic purity is important.

“To this milieu, genetic purity is important.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Genetic engineering is seen by this milieu as a threat to that genetic purity.

“Genetic engineering is seen as a threat to that purity.”

May combine two claims.

Alberino embraces Big Bang cosmology, which at the very least means he is not a seven-day Creationist.

“I base this conclusion on Alberino's embracing of”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Alberino argues that the word supernatural is contradictory to the Christian since the biblical paradigm does not portray two distinct creations, one natural and one supernatural, but a singular universe in which all things are bound together by synergistic forces.

“He argues that the word”

• cites Alberino, 29Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Among these authors is an idea, sometimes explicitly stated and sometimes not, that mankind must be genetically pure to be in God's likeness.

“Among these authors is an idea-sometimes explicitly stated, sometimes not-that mankind must be genetically”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Alberino both condemns transhumanism in his own work and focuses on corruption.

“Alberino both condemns transhumanism in his own work and focuses on corruption.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

This milieu sees transhumanism as a threat that can endanger the soul.

“This milieu sees transhumanism as a threat; as something that can endanger the soul.”

May combine two claims.

These authors felt that their writings were important, that they were giving much needed context, and that they were correcting doctrinal errors, but they did not claim to be creating something new or that salvation depended on believing what they wrote.

“They felt that it was important, that they were giving much needed context, and that they were correcting doctrinal errors, but they did not claim that they were creating something new, or that salvation depended on believing what they wrote.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The rebuttals to this group are few and far between and come from the earlier part of the last decade.

“The rebuttals to this group are few and far between, not to mention from the earlier part of the last decade.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Alberino is very critical of Pentecostalism, and he is the exception, or at least the only one of these authors to condemn Pentecostalism.

“Alberino is very critical of Pentecostalism, but he is the exception, or at least the only one of these authors to condemn Pentecostalism.”

• cites Alberino, 192Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

These authors see it as their mission to combat these societal trends via education, also attempting to justify the plausibility of Christianity with science.

“They see it as their mission to combat these societal trends via education, also attempting to justify the plausibility of Christianity with science.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

This milieu has multiple ways of accessing an audience, ranging from online media to books.

“As I have discussed, they do have multiple ways of accessing an audience, ranging from online media to books.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Alberino identifies humanity as being on the brink of the Hybrid Age, a time when men will merge with their machines to transcend the limitations of their bodies.

“He identifies humanity as being on the brink of”

• cites Alberino, 270Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Alberino claims that the goal of posthumanism is to discard the body of Adam in order to attain the attributes of the gods, to dispense with the mortal and moral inhibitions of the human condition and evolve into overman.

“He claims that”

• cites Alberino, 284Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Alberino states that we should discard supernatural explanations in favor of scientific ones, and that much of the supernatural activity recurrent in the biblical narrative is demystified when read against the backdrop of a hyperdimensional universe.

“He even states that”

• cites Alberino, 24, 8Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Artificial intelligence is seen by this milieu as another avenue Satan can use to attack Christians.

“Specifically, artificial intelligence is seen as another avenue Satan can use to attack Christians.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

This milieu sees transhumanism as a corrupting force, something that could endanger the eternal destiny of humanity.

“This milieu sees transhumanism as a corrupting force, something that could endanger the eternal destiny of humanity.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

These concerns are not limited to them, but have traction among more liberal Christians as well.

“As I will show, these concerns are not limited to them, but have traction among more liberal Christians as well.”

May combine two claims.

This milieu, while not as widespread as the premillennialism Boyer looked at, does have a wide reach.

“Similar to Boyer, I argue that this milieu, while not as widespread as the premillennialism that he looked at, does have a wide reach.”

• cites BoyerNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

By tying the history of other cultures into Christianity, these authors strengthen their truth claims for Christianity by showing that it is old and widespread.

“By doing so, they tie in the history of other cultures into Christianity and strengthen their truth claims for Christianity by showing that it is old and widespread.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The published works of these authors accurately reflect their beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Horn claims that transhumanism adds another dimension to spiritual warfare.

“Horn claims that transhumanism adds another dimension to spiritual warfare.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

By pointing to the reptilian nature of the Watchers, these authors are able to argue that the Watchers are actually these ancient beings that the modern world and modern Christianity dismiss as mythology.

“By pointing to the reptilian nature of the Watchers, they are able to argue that the Watchers are actually these ancient beings that the modern world (and modern Christianity) dismiss as mythology.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The published works of these authors accurately reflect their beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Heiser dismisses the idea of human-alien hybrids.

“He also dismisses the idea of human-alien hybrids.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Heiser says that he would not be 'theologically alarmed' if proof of aliens was discovered, and argues that Christians should study the topic in order to have an informed view if proof is discovered.

“He says that he would not be “theologically alarmed” if proof of aliens was discovered, and he argues that Christians should study the topic in order to have an informed view if proof is discovered.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Alberino argues that what he calls 'greys' are abducting humans as part of a breeding program to create hybrids.

“Alberino argues that what he calls “greys” are abducting humans as part of a breeding program to create hybrids.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

This milieu addresses technology in their writings, raising warnings about the role it is playing in society.

“This milieu addresses technology in their writings, raising warnings about the role it is playing in society.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

People would possibly be drawn in by premillennialism or UFOs and then be pulled into the other group, as well as the wider conspiracy that this milieu claims ties them together.

“In this case, people would possibly be drawn in by premillennialism or UFOs and then be pulled into the other group, as well as the wider conspiracy that this milieu claims ties them together.”

• cites BarkunNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

For Horn, Christianity is not America's identity; it restrains America's original and occult identity.

“Christianity is not America's identity; it restrains America's original and occult identity.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The published works of these authors accurately reflect their beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Opposition to transhumanism is the latest manifestation of this fear.

“Opposition to transhumanism is the latest manifestation of this fear.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

There is a cosmic focus to this milieu as they try to tie even the End Times into cosmic spiritual warfare.

“There's a cosmic focus to this milieu as they try to tie even the End Times into cosmic spiritual warfare.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.

May combine two claims.

In contrast to traditional spiritual warfare, these authors treat these beings as being part of another world that the reader has no ability to fight in; they are instead informed as to what these beings are doing now and what they are planning for the future.

“In contrast to traditional spiritual warfare, they treat these beings as being part of another world that the reader has no ability to fight in; they are instead informed as to what these beings are doing now and what they are planning for the future.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Dangerous ideas are not seen as simply the result of fallen man, but as the result of demonic powers lurking behind the scenes.

“Dangerous ideas are not seen as simply the result of fallen man, but as the result of demonic powers lurking behind the scenes.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

This milieu gives considerable attention to extraterrestrials, explaining how they fit into the plan of history.

“This milieu gives considerable attention to extraterrestrials, explaining how they fit into the plan of history.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

This group embraces a narrative that ties multiple different factors together to create the all-encompassing conspiracy that they believe is laying the groundwork for the Antichrist's rise.

“This group embraces a narrative that ties multiple different factors together to create the all-encompassing conspiracy that they believe is laying the groundwork for the Antichrist's rise.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

This milieu sees alien abduction and demonic phenomena as one in the same.

“This milieu sees alien abduction and demonic phenomena as one in the same; “the current tradition of ET-human hybridization belongs in the broadest sense to the tradition of incubi and succubi.””

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

They speak to longstanding fears about technology, individualism, and the allure of forbidden and esoteric knowledge.

“In this case, they speak to longstanding fears about technology, individualism, and the allure of forbidden and esoteric knowledge.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

By focusing on these aspects, they set themselves apart from other premillennial fundamentalists.

“By focusing on these aspects, they set themselves apart from other premillennial fundamentalists.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S1 (asserted). May combine two claims.

By comparing mythologies, these authors aim to demonstrate the ubiquity of these entities in other cultures, strengthening their argument that such beings existed and have been interacting with mankind.

“By doing so, they aim to demonstrate the ubiquity of these entities in other cultures, strengthening their argument that such beings existed and have been interacting with mankind.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The published works of these authors accurately reflect their beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Heiser denies the existence of aliens but is willing to accept that he could be wrong.

“Heiser goes into more detail on his own views on his website, denying the existence of aliens but willing to accept that he could be wrong.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

According to this milieu, extraterrestrials are secular saviors, expected to come in and solve 'the world's spiritual, economic, and environmentalist woes.'

“According to them, extraterrestrials are secular saviors, expected to come in and solve “the world's spiritual, economic, and environmentalist woes.””

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

To this milieu, ufology is not a belief developed from observation of the natural world and speculation about what might be out in the cosmos, but a deliberate plan 'by deceptive supernatural forces.'

“To this milieu, ufology is not a belief developed from observation of the natural world and speculation about what might be out in the cosmos, but a deliberate plan “by deceptive supernatural forces.””

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

As such, the believer's role is not to combat demons themselves directly, but to challenge their influence in the world through prayer and through combating the false ideas these forces have injected into society through education and direct action.

“As such, the believer's role is not to combat demons themselves directly, but to challenge their influence in the world through prayer and through combating the false ideas these forces have injected into society through education and direct action.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Horn and Putnam speculate that the increase in UFO sightings is a sign that the end is near, and that Satan is preparing his End Times deception.

“Horn and Putnam agree with this, speculating that the increase in UFO sightings is a sign that the end is near, and that Satan is preparing his End Times deception.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The exact mechanics and methods differ, but this is ultimately a continuation of conspiracy theories about institutions and technologies that have been present for decades and in some cases, centuries.

“The exact mechanics and methods differ, but this is ultimately a continuation of conspiracy theories about institutions and technologies that have been present for decades and in some cases, centuries.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

This milieu gives us some insight into issues that trouble modern Americans.

“This milieu gives us some insight into issues that trouble modern Americans.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

This fear of modern technology and advances is not a new phenomenon; prophecy writers have long been wary of advanced technology and have often warned of its abuses.

“This fear of modern technology and advances is not a new phenomenon; prophecy writers have long been wary of advanced technology and have often warned of its abuses.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Heiser is the exception to the rule, and is willing to admit that aliens as demons and associated deceptions are possible.

“But as we have seen, Heiser is the exception to the rule, and is willing to admit that aliens as demons and associated deceptions are possible.”

May combine two claims.

Where this milieu differs from traditional End Times expectations is in the mechanics of what will happen and how it will happen.

“Where they differ is in the mechanics of what will happen and how it will happen.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.

May combine two claims.

These authors do not use their alternative sources to challenge key doctrines of Christianity, such as the Resurrection; instead, these other sources are seen to support Christianity and are not combined with it to create something new.

“However, they do not use these sources to challenge key doctrines of Christianity, such as the Resurrection, and, as I will argue, these other sources are seen to support Christianity; they are not combined with it to create something new.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The published works of these authors accurately reflect their beliefs.

May combine two claims.

Other Christian denominations also incorporate spiritual warfare into their belief systems, but the authors of this milieu emphasize it more literally than most.

“Other Christian denominations also incorporate spiritual warfare into their belief systems, but the authors of this milieu emphasize it more literally than most.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

These authors are critical of the UFO phenomenon, arguing that 'extraterrestrial' encounters are part of a ploy by demons to prepare the way for 'aliens' to come and solve the world's problems.

“However, these authors are critical of said phenomenon, in spite of the optimism sometimes associated with UFOs, as they argue that “extraterrestrial” encounters are part of a ploy by demons to prepare the way for “aliens” to come and solve the world's problems.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Their warnings go beyond simple machinery; they also warn of transhumanism, of blending man and machine, of becoming posthuman.

“However, their warnings go beyond simple machinery.They also warn of transhumanism, of blending man and machine, of becoming posthuman.”

May combine two claims.

These authors support and promote each other, and while they may not command mainstream attention, they have a wide audience, and that audience could expand greatly.

“They support and promote each other, and while they may not command mainstream attention, they have a wide audience, and that audience could expand greatly.”

May combine two claims.

These authors tend to see the UFO phenomenon as a demonic one, part of the 'strong delusion' that Jesus prophesied would come in the last days.

“As a result, these authors tend to see the UFO phenomenon as a demonic one, part of the “strong delusion” that Jesus prophesied would come in the last days.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Spiritual warfare is a vital part of this milieu.

“Spiritual warfare is a vital part of this milieu.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

This take on the Antichrist is unusual and might be original to Horn, if not this milieu as a whole.

“This take on the Antichrist is unusual and might be original to Horn, if not this milieu as a whole.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.

May combine two claims.

While this milieu is not in the public eye, they do have an impact.

“While this milieu is not in the public eye, they do have an impact.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

This milieu is not a monolith where members are made to repeat the group's orthodoxies.

“I highlight these differences to demonstrate how this milieu is not a monolith where members are made to repeat the group's orthodoxies.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The authors discussed constitute a coherent 'milieu' with shared beliefs.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Alberino differs from Horn and Putnam in that he views aliens as dangerous beings who are a threat to mankind, but does not believe that they are demons, but in fact separate physical beings.

“Alberino differs from Horn and Putnam as, while he views aliens as dangerous beings who are a threat to mankind, he does not believe that they are demons, but in fact separate physical beings.”

May combine two claims.

While members of this milieu do use alternative sources from different faith traditions and the UFO conspiracy sphere, it is ultimately in the service of folding them all under the umbrella of Christianity.

“While members of this milieu do use alternative sources from different faith traditions and the UFO conspiracy sphere, it is ultimately in the service of folding them all under the umbrella of Christianity.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

These authors speak to issues and fears that Americans struggle with, from fears about superior forces from outer space dominating us to concerns about modern technology and the idea that it might one day replace humanity.

“These authors are not voices crying out to nothing, but they speak to issues and fears that Americans struggle with, from fears about superior forces from outer space dominating us to concerns about modern technology and the idea that it might one day replace humanity.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

These authors all argue that Christianity does not do a quality job about educating believers about potentially life-altering scientific advancements.

“These authors all argue that Christianity does not do a quality job about educating believers about potentially life-altering scientific advancements.”

May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

The message these authors present is the same message that prophecy writers have presented for decades: that the end of the world is coming, that scientific advancements will be part of it, and that one should repent and be saved.

“The message they present is the same message that prophecy writers have presented for decades:”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

This milieu shows a suspicion of man's ability to improve himself, something quite common among conservative Christianity.

“It shows a suspicion of man's ability to improve himself, something quite common among conservative Christianity.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

The term improvisational millennialism does not totally explain this milieu.

“There are elements of improvisational millennialism in this milieu, and I see the value in the term when comparing this milieu to other, similar belief systems, but I do not believe that it totally explains them.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

This milieu constantly tries to draw their ideas back to God and to tie them in with science.

“This milieu constantly tries to draw their ideas back to God and to tie them in with science.”

May combine two claims.

The lack of open pushback against this group speaks both to its obscurity and to its ability to spread its ideas without opposition.

“This lack of open pushback speaks both to this group's obscurity and in turn, their ability to spread their ideas without opposition.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Sharon Gilbert speculates that artificial intelligence will be vulnerable to demonic possession, and warns Christians to be prepared to separate themselves from the Internet when it takes control.

“In an essay published four years later, she still speculates that artificial intelligence will be vulnerable to demonic possession, and warns Christians to be prepared to separate themselves from the Internet when it takes control.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Putnam insists that 'transhumanism will not wait for Christians to catch up,' and that 'one way or another, the melding of man and machine is going to happen.'

“He insists that “transhumanism will not wait for Christians to catch up[,]” and that, “one way or another, the melding of man and machine is going to happen.””

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Horn says that transhumanism can be seen as 'an assault on God's creative genius.'

“Horn says that transhumanism can be seen as “an assault on God's creative genius[,]” and that, in the face of its seeming inexorability, “people of faith seek to maintain their humanity.””

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

By creating a network of online news services, books, and conferences, this group can present its ideas without overt attention from wider Christian bodies who, in its view, would censor it for its esoteric ideas.

“By creating a network of online news services, books, and conferences, they can present their ideas without overt attention from wider Christian bodies who, in their view, would censor this group for their esoteric ideas.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

This group attempts to present its discussions so that its audience can understand the severity of the issue and its stakes, as well as the science and philosophy involved.

“They attempt to present these discussions in a way so their audience can understand the severity of the issue and the stakes of it, as well as the science and philosophy involved.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Teichrib warns that the Singularity could be a created image, 'an artificial intelligence possessed and 'made alive' by a malevolent spiritual entity.'

“Teichrib also warns that the Singularity, “the image of the New Man,” could be a created image, “an artificial intelligence possessed and 'made alive' by a malevolent spiritual entity.””

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

A suspicion of modern science is combined with the belief that it proves the Word of God, allowing this milieu to write about complex topics while simultaneously viewing advancements with caution.

“A suspicion of modern science is combined with the belief that it proves the Word of God, allowing this milieu to write about complex topics while simultaneously viewing advancements with caution.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

This milieu demonstrates a fear of physical and spiritual corruption, of an outside force deceiving others into accepting it into themselves and destroying them.

“It also demonstrates a fear of physical and spiritual corruption, of an outside force deceiving others into accepting it into themselves and destroying them.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

This milieu sees no good in transhumanism, no possibility of it being used for God's glory.

“Transhumanism stands out in this as this milieu sees no good in it, no possibility of it being used for God's glory.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Alberino affirms string theory as the best way to explain the universe.

“For example, Alberino affirms string theory, the theory that the universe is comprised of vibrating strings and that “the way in which these strings vibrate determines the nature and action of the elementary constituents of the material world[,]” as the best way to explain the universe.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Horn asserts that 'the Bible is [...] concerned with the antithesis of transhumanism: the integration of our bodies and minds.'

“Horn asserts that, “the Bible is […] concerned with the antithesis of transhumanism: the integration of our bodies and minds.””

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

This milieu, niche though it may be, does speak to people.

“I would argue that this milieu, niche though it may be, does speak to people.”

May combine two claims.

The members of this milieu are Christians: while some traditional interpretations are challenged, central doctrines of Christianity are unchanged in their works.

“I believe that anyone reading this milieu's works would conclude that its members are Christians: while some traditional interpretations are challenged, central doctrines of Christianity are unchanged.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The published works and media of these authors accurately represent their beliefs and the views of the milieu.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Part of the reason bioconservatism is key to these authors is that it fits into their wider theology, and part is that they feel these issues are not well understood by Christians.

“Part of it is because it fits into their wider theology, part of it because they feel that these issues are not well understood by Christians.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The fear of an all-controlling and dehumanizing force, the suspicion of technology, even the focus on extraterrestrials, have all been present throughout premillennialist thought for centuries.

“The fear of an all-controlling and dehumanizing force, the suspicion of technology, even the focus on extraterrestrials, have all been present throughout premillennialist thought for centuries.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

This group's focus on the Nephilim and how they relate to evolving technology sets it apart.

“Their focus on the Nephilim and how they relate to evolving technology sets them apart.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

While the material might be recent science, the attitude of suspicion behind it is much older.

“However, while the material might be recent science, the attitude of suspicion behind it is much older.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Heiser and possibly Alberino are the only exceptions.

“Heiser and possibly Alberino are the only exceptions.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Alberino says that Christians should 'embrace Big Bang cosmology,' as he argues that everything originated 'from a singular source' although he insists that that source was God.

“In another break from it, Alberino says that Christians should “embrace Big Bang cosmology,” as he argues that everything originated “from a singular source” although he insists that that source was God.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

This milieu attempts to prove the Bible by showing how it is compatible with modern science.

“Again, we see how this milieu attempts to prove the Bible by showing how it is compatible with modern science.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Sharon Gilbert claims that the Internet will one day 'awaken to 'life'' and be part of the Mark of the Beast.

“Sharon Gilbert dedicates an essay in Blood on the Altar (2014) to the dangers of the Internet and artificial intelligence, claiming that the Internet will one day “awaken to 'life'” and be part of the Mark of the Beast.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

In doing so, these authors oppose what they see as an ever-expanding system that has spread across society.

“In doing so, they oppose what they see as an ever-expanding system that has spread across society.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

This milieu has an impact on the world around it.

“This milieu does have an impact on the world around them.”

May combine two claims.

These authors do not try to claim that they are anything other than Christian, nor try to deny Christian doctrines.

“These authors do not try to claim that they are anything other than Christian, nor try to deny Christian doctrines.”

May combine two claims.

This milieu does not directly associate itself with Pentecostalism, but it is still connected to it.

“This milieu does not directly associate themselves with Pentecostalism, but they are still connected to it.”

May combine two claims.

Their theology is based on a variety of sources, they are separate from the wider premillennialist Christian community while still having a foot set in it, and they often appeal to suppressed and unknown knowledge.

“Their theology is based on a variety of sources, they are separate from the wider premillennialist Christian community while still having a foot set in it, and they often appeal to suppressed and unknown knowledge.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

In some ways, the largest deviation is that this milieu sees no benefit to the new technology, as opposed to other innovations, which have been co-opted for evangelism.

“In some ways, the largest deviation is that this milieu sees no benefit to the new technology, as opposed to other innovations, which have been co-opted for evangelism.”

May combine two claims.

This group is a cultic milieu: a Christian group that follows Christian doctrines but deliberately sets itself apart from the church through its arguments.

“As mentioned, they are a cultic milieu; they are a Christian group and follows Christian doctrines, but deliberately set themselves apart from the church through their arguments.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Acceptance of science does not mean that this milieu totally embraces technology.

“However, acceptance of science does not mean that this milieu totally embraces technology.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

Although the message of hope through salvation in Jesus Christ is woven into these narratives, the apocalyptic focus dominates them, so many will notice the latter more than the former.

“Although the message of hope through salvation in Jesus Christ is weaved in, the apocalyptic focus dominates their narratives.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

These authors have some crossover with improvisational millennialism.

“As mentioned in the introduction, these authors have some crossover with improvisational millennialism.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Members of this milieu are not the only Christians who challenge transhumanism, and their complaints are shared by other, more mainstream Christians.

“Members of this milieu are not the only Christians who challenge transhumanism, and their complaints are shared by other, more mainstream Christians.”