Evaluation of diagnostic tests when there is no gold standard. A review of methods

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Items 301–400 of 522

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3. A pooled analysis of MRI in the detection of bone marrow infiltration in patients with malignant lymphoma
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4. A single blood test adjusted for different liver fibrosis targets improves fibrosis staging and especially cirrhosis diagnosis
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5. The diagnostic accuracy of PTSD assessment instruments used in older adults: a systematic review
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7. Dual composite reference standards (dCRS) in molecular diagnostic research: A new approach to reduce bias in the presence of Imperfect reference
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8. Bayesian latent class evaluation of three tests for the screening of subclinical caprine mastitis in Bangladesh
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9. Is the Comparator in Your Diagnostic Cost-Effectiveness Model “Standard of Care”? Recommendations from Literature Reviews and Expert Interviews on How to Identify and Operationalize It
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10. Statistical Analysis of Microbiological Diagnostic Tests
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11. The diagnostic accuracy of cross-sectional imaging for detecting acute scaphoid fractures in children: a systematic review
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12. Detecting Apathy in Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review
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13. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the accuracy of the clock drawing test (CDT) in the identification of delirium in older hospitalised patients
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14. Prognostic Indicators of Delayed Surgical Recovery in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
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15. Frequência de disfagia orofaríngea em idosos institucionalizados: uma revisão integrativa
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16. FAM89A and IFI44L for distinguishing between viral and bacterial infections in children with febrile illness
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17. Measuring the suicidal mind: The ‘open source’ Suicidality Scale, for adolescents and adults
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18. A Multimarker Approach for the Prediction of Coronary Artery Disease: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
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19. Evaluating Diagnostic Tests for Helicobacter pylori Infection Without a Reference Standard: Use of Latent Class Analysis
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20. Assessment of naive indolent lymphoma using whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging and T2-weighted MRI: results of a prospective study in 30 patients
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21. The ektacytometric elongation Index (EI) of erythrocytes, validation of a prognostic, rheological biomarker for patients with sickle cell disease
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22. Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD): Explanation and Elaboration. Translation in to Russian
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23. Global and Local Assessment of Image Classification Quality on an Overall and Per-Class Basis without Ground Reference Data
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24. Latent Class Analysis of Noninvasive Methods and Liver Biopsy in Chronic Hepatitis C: An Approach without a Gold Standard
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25. Diagnostic accuracy of three commercial immunoenzymatic assays for small ruminant lentivirus infection in goats performed on individual milk samples
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26. Identification of socially vulnerable cancer patients — development of a register-based index (rSVI)
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27. Data structuring may prevent ambiguity and improve personalized medical prognosis
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28. Evaluating the predictive performance of gut microbiota for the early-stage colorectal cancer
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29. Contribución de la prueba rápida NS1 e IgM al diagnóstico de dengue en Colombia en el periodo pre-zika
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30. Evaluation of the psychometric properties of “the Norwegian screening test for dyslexia”
    Trude Nergård‐Nilssen, Kenneth Eklund · 2017 · Dyslexia
31. The Search for Sepsis Biomarkers: A Tale of Promises, Pitfalls, and Potential
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32. The accuracy of the Global Trigger Tool is higher for the identification of adverse events of greater harm: a diagnostic test study
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33. The sitting active and prone passive lag test: a validity study in a symptomatic knee population
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34. Benefit assessment of PET in malignant lymphomas. The IQWiG point of view
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35. Accuracy of transcranial magnetic stimulation and a Bayesian latent class model for diagnosis of spinal cord dysfunction in horses
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36. Classifying the diagnosis of study participants in clinical trials: a structured and efficient approach
    Tjitske S. R. van Engelen, Maadrika M. N. P. Kanglie, Inge A. H. van den Berk, Merel L. J. Bouwman, Hind J. M. Suhooli, Sascha Louise Heckert, Jaap Stoker, Patrick M. Bossuyt, Jan M. Prins, For the OPTIMACT Study Group et al. · 2020 · European Radiology Experimental
37. Validation of the responding to urgency of need in palliative care (RUN-PC) triage tool
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38. Thermal threshold testing: call for a balance between the number of measurements and abnormalities in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis-associated small fiber neuropathy
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39. Machine Learning Aided Diagnosis of Diseases Without Clinical Gold Standard: A New Score for Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease Based on pH Monitoring
    Yuzhu Guo, Gang Wang, Lianyong Li, Lei Wang, Lipeng Wang, Simeng Li, Zhezhe Sun, Changmin Qu, Hongdan Liu, Haolun Han et al. · 2020 · IEEE Access
40. Identifying novel associations in GWAS by hierarchical Bayesian latent variable detection of differentially misclassified phenotypes
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41. Are Accuracy Studies for Periprosthetic Joint Infection Diagnosis Inherently Flawed? And What to Do with Schrödinger’s Hips? A Prospective Analysis of the Alpha Defensin Lateral-Flow Test in Chronic Painful Hip Arthroplasties
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42. Options for Summarizing Medical Test Performance in the Absence of a “Gold Standard”
    Thomas A Trikalinos, Cynthia M. Balion · 2012
43. Partial Verification Bias Correction Using Inverse Probability Bootstrap Sampling for Binary Diagnostic Tests
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44. Method for assessing visual saliency in children with cerebral/cortical visual impairment using generative artificial intelligence
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45. Drivers of bias in diagnostic test accuracy estimates when using expert panels as a reference standard: a simulation study
    Bas E Kellerhuis, Kevin Jenniskens, Ewoud Schuit, Lotty Hooft, Karel G.M. Moons, Johannes B. Reitsma · 2025 · BMC Medical Research Methodology
46. AI-driven software for automated quantification of skeletal metastases and treatment response evaluation using whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI (WB-DWI) in advanced prostate cancer
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47. Artificial Intelligence–Assisted Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Evaluating Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review of Prospective Observational Studies
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48. Diagnostic Accuracy of SPECT for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
    Alex Koziarz, Frank Koziarz, Rui Shen, Prasaanthan Gopee‐Ramanan, Sandra E. Black, Daniel F. Worsley, Ian Y. M. Chan, David L. Streiner, Katherine Zukotynski · 2024 · Clinical Nuclear Medicine
49. Estimation of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Without Gold Standards
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50. Adecuación de las características definitorias en los diagnósticos de deterioro del intercambio de gases y de la ventilación espontánea en niños asmáticos
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51. Detection of mesenteric ischemia by means of endoscopic visible light spectroscopy after luminal feeding
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52. The Frontal Bone Window for Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography in Critically Ill Patients: Validation of a New Approach in the ICU
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53. Prospective diagnostic accuracy study of history taking and physical examination for adults with vertigo in general practice: study protocol
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54. Measuring agreement between healthcare survey instruments using mutual information
    Yuncheol Kang, Melinda R. Steis, Ann Marie Kolanowski, Donna Marie Fick, Vittaldas V. Prabhu · 2016 · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making
55. Diagnostic Yield and Accuracy of Different Metabolic Syndrome Criteria in Adult Patients with Epilepsy
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56. Initial derivation of diagnostic clusters combining history elements and physical examination tests for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis
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57. Liver fibrosis staging by computed tomography: Prospective randomized multicentric evaluation of image analyses
    Carole Vitellius, Anita Paisant, Adrien Lannes, Julien Chaigneau, F. Oberti, Jerome Lebigot, Isabelle Fouchard, Jérôme Boursier, Pascal David, Christophe Aubé et al. · 2021 · Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology
58. Clinical indicators of ineffective airway clearance in children with acute respiratory infection
    Lí­via Maia Pascoal, Marcos Venícios de Oliveira Lopes, Viviane Martins da Silva, Beatriz Amorim Beltrão, Daniel Bruno Resende Chaves, T. Heather Herdman, Ana Luísa Brandão de Carvalho Lira, Iane Ximenes Teixeira, Alice Gabrielle de Sousa Costa · 2015 · Journal of Child Health Care
59. Prognostic clinical indicators of short‐term survival for ineffective breathing pattern in children with acute respiratory infection
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60. Sensitivity and Specificity: A Review of Related Statistics and Controversies in the Context of Physical Therapist Education
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61. Categorical Meteorological Products: Evaluation and Analysis
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62. Diagnostic testing
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63. Response
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64. Latent class analysis of diagnostic tests for adenovirus,Bordetella pertussisand influenza virus infections in German adults with longer lasting coughs
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65. Diagnostic Estimation of Noninvasive Tests for Hepatic Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Without a Gold Standard
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66. Accuracy of attenuation imaging in the assessment of pediatric hepatic steatosis: correlation with the controlled attenuation parameter
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67. Sepsis labels defined by claims-based methods are ill-suited for training machine learning algorithms
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68. How we determined the most reliable solid medium for studying treatment of tuberculosis
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69. Prevalence of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals in the general population of northern Italy and evaluation of a diagnostic serological ELISA test: a cross-sectional study protocol
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70. A prospective study determining and comparing the diagnostic accuracy of fluoride-PET/CT, choline-PET/CT, whole-body bone SPECT/CT and whole-body MRI for the detection of bone metastases in patients with prostate cancer
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71. A new biomarker combination differentiates viral from bacterial infections and helps monitoring response to antibiotics in hospitalized children
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72. What is the sensitivity and exactness of post-mortem diagnostic method for cardiopulmonary nematodes in wild carnivores? towards the gold standard
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73. Accuracy of Xpert and alternative sampling methods to diagnose childhood pulmonary tuberculosis, a prospective cohort study
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74. Molecular and antigen detection tests for leptospirosis
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75. Reproducibility and Validity of Diagnostic Tests
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76. Data labelling in the wild: annotating free-living activities and Parkinson's disease symptoms
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77. Developing a novel tool to assess the ability to self-administer medication – A systematic evaluation of patients’ video recordings in the ABLYMED study
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78. Interrater agreement of multi-professional case review as reference standard for specialist palliative care need: a mixed-methods study
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83. Use of beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin assay as a diagnostic tool for prelabor rupture of membranes
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89. Magnetic resonance imaging scoring system of the lower limbs in adult patients with suspected idiopathic inflammatory myopathy
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90. Laboratory-based molecular test alternatives to RT-PCR for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection
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91. Evaluation of endoscopic visible light spectroscopy: comparison with microvascular oxygen tension measurements in a porcine model
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92. Validation of Automatic Cb Observations for METAR Messages without Ground Truth
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93. Comparing diagnostic tests: trials in people with discordant test results
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94. Interpreting diagnostic tests with continuous results and no gold standard: a common scenario explained using the tuberculin skin test
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95. Study design synopsis: Clinical validation of diagnostic tests
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96. Combined use of real-time PCR and serological techniques for improved surveillance of chronic and acute American trypanosomiasis in dogs and their owners from an endemic rural area of Neotropical Mexico
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97. FibroStic: A large confirmatory study for non-invasive biomarkers accuracy, if correctly interpreted
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98. Optimizing Oral Cancer Screening: Latent Class Analysis of Chairside Adjuncts in a High-Risk Dental Cohort
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99. Estimating diagnostic accuracy under uncertainty about disease status: a sepsis case study
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100. Multisite study: Predicting Lewy body disease using skin biopsy α-synuclein seed amplification assays
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