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The Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as an Inflammatory Marker in Rheumatic Diseases
Open accessAbstract
The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) has emerged as an informative marker revealing shifts in platelet and lymphocyte counts due to acute inflammatory and prothrombotic states. PLR has been extensively examined in neoplastic diseases accompanied by immune suppression and thrombosis, which can be predicted by combined blood cell counts and their ratios. Several large observational studies have demonstrated the value of shifts in PLR in evaluating the severity of systemic inflammation and predicting infections and other comorbidities, in inflammatory rheumatic diseases. The value of PLR as an inflammatory marker increases when its fluctuations are interpreted along with other complementary hematologic indices, particularly the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), which provides additional information about the disease activity, presence of neutrophilic inflammation, infectious complications, and severe organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus. PLR and NLR have high predictive value in rheumatic diseases with predominantly neutrophilic inflammation (e.g., Behçet disease and familial Mediterranean fever). High PLR, along with elevated platelet count, is potentially useful in diagnosing some systemic vasculitides, particularly giant-cell arteritis. A few longitudinal studies on rheumatic diseases have demonstrated a decrease in PLR in response to anti-inflammatory therapies. The main limitations of PLR studies are preanalytical faults, inadequate standardization of laboratory measurements, and inappropriate subject selection. Nonetheless, accumulating evidence suggests that PLR can provide valuable information to clinicians who encounter multisystem manifestations of rheumatic diseases, which are reflected in shifts in platelet, lymphocyte, neutrophil, or monocyte counts. Interpretation of PLR combined with complementary hematologic indices is advisable to more accurately diagnose inflammatory rheumatic diseases and predict related comorbidities.
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“Since then, IRCs have been repeatedly proposed as solid prognostic markers for various additional conditions including low-grade inflammation, rheumatic diseases, sepsis, myocarditis, thrombosis, ischemic and cardiovascular events, autoimmune and systemic diseases, cancer incidence, progression, response and outcome, COVID-19 severity and prognosis, critical illness, and overall mortality [26,27,2”
From Immune Cell Ratios Are Higher in Bipolar Affective than Unipolar Depressive Disorder and Modulated by Mood Episode: A Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Study (2023) · cites this paper as [34]
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Li, H., Zhou, Y., Ma, Y., Han, S., & Zhou, L. (2017) · Kardiologia Polska · doi:10.5603/kp.a2017.0068 · Cited by 90
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Lee, Y., & Song, G. (2023) · Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie (Print) · doi:10.1007/s00393-023-01412-8 · Cited by 9
Wu, H., Li, C., Liu, S., Yao, S., Song, Z., Ren, D., & Wang, P. (2023) · Infection and Drug Resistance · doi:10.2147/idr.s413126 · Cited by 9
Zhang, A.-H., Dai, G., Zhang, Q.-D., Huang, H.-D., & Liu, W.-H. (2023) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s404591 · Cited by 9
“PLR has believed as an informative marker revealing shifts in platelet and lymphocyte counts due to inflammatory and prothrombotic states.(32) Some studies showed that PLR could be potentially valuable in the accurate evaluation of inflammatory activity,(32) and others demonstrated that high PLR was associated with ve…”
BackgroundUmeres-Francia, G., Rojas-Fernández, M. V., Herrera-Añazco, P., & Benites-Zapata, V. (2022) · Renal Replacement Therapy · doi:10.1186/s41100-022-00420-9 · Cited by 9
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“The neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet– lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are indicators of the systemic inflammatory response.(33,34) These two parameters have been shown to be related to the severity and prognosis of several critical illnesses.”
BackgroundGonzalez-Urquijo, M., González-Rayas, J. M., Castro-Varela, A., Hinojosa-Gonzalez, D., Ramos-Cazares, R. E., Vázquez-Garza, E., Paredes-Vázquez, J., Castillo-Perez, M., Jerjes-Sánchez, C., & Fabiani, M. A. (2021) · Vascular · doi:10.1177/17085381211052033 · Cited by 9
Expanded Impacts of Platelet Functions: Beyond Hemostasis and Thrombosis
Sun, Y.-C., & Hur, M. (2019) · Annals of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.3343/alm.2019.39.4.343 · Cited by 9
“Recent evidence has been accumulated to support the crucial functions of platelets in various diseases, including inflammation, infection, and malignancy [2, 6, 7].”
The association of platelet to white blood cell ratio with diabetes: a nationwide survey in China
Liu, F., Wang, T., Wang, S., Zhao, X., & Hua, Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1418583 · Cited by 9
Donato, G. D., Attanasi, M., Angelo, D. M. D., Bella, S. L., Ludovico, A. D., Chiarelli, F., & Breda, L. (2024) · BMC Rheumatology · doi:10.1186/s41927-024-00390-x · Cited by 8
“In fact, PLR and NLR have shown high predictive value in rheumatic diseases with predominantly neutrophilic inflammation, like Behçet disease and familial mediterranean fever [27].”
BackgroundRegenerative potential of platelet concentrates in chronic oral mucosal lesions
Hijazi, A., Al-Hamed, F., Tamimi, F., Al-Maweri, S., Hamdan, N., Psutka, D., Ta, P., & Klieb, H. B. E. (2024) · Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research · doi:10.1016/j.jobcr.2024.02.007 · Cited by 8
“27 Among these connections, neutrophil induces the thromboinflammatory function of the activated platelet.”
BackgroundWang, Y.-L., Jia, Y.-H., Qin, Y., Feng, M., Liang, Z.-J., Zhao, X.-C., Gao, C., Guo, H., & Luo, J. (2024) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2024.02.008 · Cited by 8
HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH DISEASE ACTIVITY
Farouk, A., Rahman, S. M. A., Abou-Elwafa, M. Z., & Aboud, F. (2023) · Ain Shams Medical Journal · doi:10.21608/asmj.2023.307126 · Cited by 8
“Ratios among haematological indices have shown to be useful tools for evaluation of inflammatory activity in various autoimmune diseases including ulcerative colitis and Familial Mediterranean Fever [10].”
BackgroundPredictors of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
Karakaya, D., Güngör, T., Çakıcı, E., Yazılıtaş, F., Çelikkaya, E., Yücebaş, S. C., & Bülbül, M. (2023) · Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, West) · doi:10.1007/s00467-023-05935-9 · Cited by 8
“Several large studies have demonstrated the value of shifts in the PLR when evaluating the severity of systemic inflammation or predicting infections and other comorbidities [31].”
BackgroundTezcan, M., Kasman, S. A., Şen, N., Osken, S., & Yilmaz-Oner, S. (2023) · Rheumatology International · doi:10.1007/s00296-023-05290-w · Cited by 8
“In large vessel vasculitis, disease activity may be correlated with PLR levels [8].”
BackgroundMethodKarakaya, D., Güngör, T., Çakıcı, E., Yazılıtaş, F., Çelikkaya, E., & Bulbul, M. (2022) · Postgraduate medicine · doi:10.1080/00325481.2022.2152970 · Cited by 8
Lu, Y., Tang, Y.-J., Wang, B., Li, X., Xu, Q.-Q., Chu, H., Lv, H., Lu, M., & Qin, Y. (2022) · Italian Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s13052-022-01400-9 · Cited by 8
“Recognized as potential biomarkers of baseline inflammatory process, both two ratios were now widely reported in cardiovascular diseases [8, 9], neurological diseases [10, 11], and rheumatic diseases [12, 13], et al.”
BackgroundNovac, M. B., Boldeanu, L., Rotaru, L. T., Dijmărescu, A. L., Şerbănescu, M.-S., Radu, L., Neamțu, S. D., Vîlcea, A. M., Niculescu, M. D., Mirea, C. S., et al. (2022) · Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology · doi:10.47162/rjme.62.4.08 · Cited by 8
Bostan, H., Sencar, M., Calapkulu, M., Hepşen, S., Akhanlı, P., Duger, H., Uçan, B., Kizilgul, M., Unsal, I. O., Ozbek, M., et al. (2022) · European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology · doi:10.1007/s00405-021-07248-9 · Cited by 8
Fan, Y.-R., Fan, C., Mao, P., Rui, C., Wang, X.-Y., Hou, W.-W., Luan, T., Dong, Z., Li, P., Feng, S.-W., et al. (2021) · Journal of clinical laboratory analysis (Print) · doi:10.1002/jcla.24050 · Cited by 8
Association Between Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Preterm Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Zheng, J., & Wang, H. (2021) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2021.686880 · Cited by 8
“They are also helpful for diagnosing inflammatory rheumatic diseases and predicting inflammation-related morbidities (38).”
BackgroundBlood Count-derived Immunoinflammatory Markers in Thyroidassociated Ophthalmopathy
Yeter, V., Koçak, N., Arslan, M., & Kan, E. (2021) · Korean Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.3341/kjo.2021.0012 · Cited by 8
“Blood cell interactions are crucial in the pathophysiology of immune response and systemic inflammation, and these blood cells including, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets, play essential roles in any stage of an autoimmune disease [4,5].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialYoshinaga, K., Sadahira, T., Maruyama, Y., Mitsui, Y., Iwata, T., Wada, K., Araki, M., Watanabe, T., & Nasu, Y. (2020) · Investigative and Clinical Urology · doi:10.4111/icu.20200103 · Cited by 8
“It has been reported that changes in the PLR are affected by other systemic inflammatory markers, especially the NLR [28].”
BackgroundHuang, C.-H., Wang, F.-T., & Chan, W. (2020) · Drug and chemical toxicology (New York, N.Y. 1978) · doi:10.1080/01480545.2020.1838537 · Cited by 8
“Leukocytes can be attracted and activated by these secreted chemokines, in turn, triggering inflammation-related responses (Thomas and Storey 2015, Gasparyan et al. 2019).”
BackgroundNagai, Y., Yokogawa, N., Shimada, K., & Sugii, S. (2020) · Rheumatology International · doi:10.1007/s00296-020-04705-2 · Cited by 8
Jialal, G., Adams-Huet, B., & Jialal, I. (2019) · Platelets · doi:10.1080/09537104.2019.1648783 · Cited by 8
“tion of MetS and correlated with the severity of MetS [8,9].”
BackgroundPlatelet activation plays a pro-inflammatory role in myasthenia gravis
Wen, Q., Zhang, S., Wang, Y.-Y., Liu, H.-R., Wang, J.-S., Su, S.-Y., Xie, N.-R., Lu, Y., Di, L., Xu, M., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-63750-2 · Cited by 7
Zhang, Y., & Ni, X.-F. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1610967 · Cited by 7
“In RHD, platelet activation may exacerbate valvular injury by promoting thrombus formation and recruitment of in fl ammatory cells (26, 27).”
Yan, J., Wu, J., Wang, R.-K., Meng, P., Liu, A.-L., & Xu, Y.-H. (2025) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2025.1524307 · Cited by 7
Agrawal, A., Bhardwaj, A., Singh, S., Budania, A., Bains, A., Sharma, S., Purohit, A. H. L., Bandhala Rajan, M., & Rajagopal, V. S. (2024) · Archives of Dermatological Research · doi:10.1007/s00403-024-03434-x · Cited by 7
“PLR has emerged as a simple marker of acute inflammatory and pro - thrombotic states which revealed shifts in platelet and lym - phocyte counts [9].”
Pudjihartono, N., Ho, D., & O'Sullivan, J. M. (2024) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2024.1448363 · Cited by 7
Özer, P. T., Özer, M., Oğlak, S. C., Budak, A., Inan, A. H., Tosun, G., Töz, E., Yılmaz, E. Z., Gülseren, V., Bolluk, G., et al. (2024) · Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.31083/j.ceog5102028 · Cited by 7
“Once activated, platelets stimulate the attraction of cells via chemotaxis and aid in the formation of new tissue [21,22].”
BackgroundEvaluation of platelet indices as markers of tuberculosis among children in India
J, N., Venkataraman, A., Thiruvengadam, K., B, B., M., K., S, S., Balaji, S., Elilarasi, S., Smuk, M., Hanna, L. E., et al. (2024) · ERJ Open Research · doi:10.1183/23120541.00734-2023 · Cited by 7
Kanagaraj, K., Phillippi, M. A., Narayan, P., Szolc, B., Perrier, J. R., McLane, A., Wolden, S., Barker, C., Wang, Q., Amundson, S., et al. (2023) · Cytogenetic and Genome Research · doi:10.1159/000534433 · Cited by 7
“…cant change in the absolute platelet cell counts after TBI, there was an increase in the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio from 13.55 ± 1.59 to 33.58 ± 5.03 which is also an emerging and informative marker for acute in fl ammatory and pro-thrombotic states [D ’ Emic et al., 2016; Gasparyan et al., 2019].”
BackgroundInfluentialPinho, R., Ribeiro, R., Ferrao, D., Medeiros, R., Lima, M. J., Almeida, J., & Freitas-Silva, M. (2023) · Porto Biomedical Journal · doi:10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000220 · Cited by 7
Liu, Y., Song, C., Tian, Z.-H., & Shen, W. (2023) · International Journal of General Medicine · doi:10.2147/ijgm.s408770 · Cited by 7
“The results of SHAP analysis revealed that several factors, including higher body mass index (BMI), history of adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy, T-stage of the tumor, lymph node metastasis, central venous catheter use, high intraoperative bleeding, and long operative time, were significantly associated with post…”
BackgroundInfluentialLi, W., Chen, G., Lin, F., Yang, H., Cui, Y., Lu, R., Song, C., Li, H., Li, Y., & Pan, P. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1097574 · Cited by 7
“Higher levels of NLR, PLR, MLR, CAR, and SII and lower levels of PNI are correlated with the severity of various diseases, such as COVID-19, cancer, and rheumatic diseases (Gasparyan et al., 2019; Fois et al., 2020; Huang et al., 2020; Nost et al., 2021).”
BackgroundPeng, L., Cao, B., Hou, F., Xu, B., Zhou, H., Liang, L., Jiang, Y., Wang, X., & Zhou, J. (2023) · Journal of Immunology Research · doi:10.1155/2023/6841344 · Cited by 7
RetractedErmurat, S., & Tezcan, D. (2022) · Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.32708/uutfd.1110778 · Cited by 7
Sato, M., Asagai, S., Harada, G., Shimada, E., & Inai, K. (2022) · Heart and Vessels · doi:10.1007/s00380-022-02112-0 · Cited by 7
“Recently, the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio has been reported to be correlated with inflammatory and prothrombotic conditions [45].”
BackgroundÜlger, G., Baldemir, R., Zengin, M., Sazak, H., & Alagöz, A. (2022) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000029472 · Cited by 7
Wang, R., Gao, R., Xie, X.-L., Chen, H., Zhao, Q., Zhang, X., Zhang, C., Deng, L.-Y., Lv, P., Zheng, Q., et al. (2022) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-022-02899-7 · Cited by 7
Psarakis, G., Farmakis, I., Zafeiropoulos, S., Kourti, O., Konstantas, O., Vrana, E., Baroutidou, A., Tsolakidis, C., Touriki, A., Psathas, T., et al. (2021) · Angiology · doi:10.1177/00033197211052134 · Cited by 7
“Moreover, platelets are markers of both inflammatory activity of atherosclerosis and systemic inflammation.(28,29) This could explain the higher risk for all-cause hospitalization.”
BackgroundDasgupta, R., Atri, A., Jebasingh, F. K., Hepzhibah, J., Christudoss, P., Asha, H., Paul, T., & Thomas, N. (2020) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep-2020-0086 · Cited by 7
Chen, R., Li, L., Chao, K., Hong, M.-Z., Cao, Q., Ye, L., Zhou, G.-S., Fang, X., Guo, H., Cao, X.-C., et al. (2020) · Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1177/1756284820979442 · Cited by 7
Ibrahim, M. Y., Alhaj, M. M., Ibrahim, A., Rabih, M., Rabih, M., Massaad, M., Elzubir, A. K., Abdelrahman, M., Abdelrahman, O. A., & Mohamed, S. (2025) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/s12876-025-04556-w · Cited by 6
“It has been linked to multiple systemic inflammatory processes and rheu-matological diseases [8, 9].”
Acı, R., Keskin, Â., Sezer, Ö., Karakaya, T., Semiz, S., & Bilgin, M. (2025) · OBM Genetics · doi:10.21926/obm.genet.2504318 · Cited by 6
Chang, W., Li, X., Ma, Y., Bai, T., & Jia, L. (2025) · Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity : Targets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dmso.s534724 · Cited by 6
“33,34 NLR is a dynamic reflection between neutrophils and lymphocytes in disease states, and is an immune response marker for various infectious and non-infectious triggers.”
Lores, P., Costa, M., Saravia, A., Landeira, M., da Costa, V., Rodríguez-Zraquia, S. A., Cedrés, M. E., Oliva, J., Rado, G., García, I., et al. (2025) · Immunology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2025.107052 · Cited by 6
The relationship of inflammatory markers NLR and PLR with HbA1c in Turkish diabetic patients
Yazar, B. T., Eren, F., & Oğuz, E. F. (2025) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112213 · Cited by 7
Wang, T., Yang, Z., Zhou, B., & Chen, Y. (2025) · Journal of investigative surgery · doi:10.1080/08941939.2025.2470453 · Cited by 6
“Similarly, the platelet/ lymphocyte ratio (PLR) serves as an informative marker of acute inflammation and prothrombins, particularly in tumor-related immune suppression and coagulation disorders, and can be derived from complete blood counts [14].”
Blood Cell Ratio Combinations for Diagnosing Periprosthetic Joint Infections: A Preliminary Study
Yu, Y., Wen, Y., Xia, J.-D., Dong, G., & Niu, Y.-L. (2025) · Infection and Drug Resistance · doi:10.2147/idr.s489201 · Cited by 6
Wu, B., Xia, S., Chen, L., Fan, J.-F., Guo, W.-Y., Wu, Z.-S., Zhang, H., & Zhang, L. (2024) · Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery · doi:10.1186/s13019-024-03165-0 · Cited by 6
“The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is commonly used as a marker of the systemic inflammatory response, while the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) indicates thrombosis and inflammation [4, 5].”
Wei, Q., Liu, A., Sun, Z.-Y., Zhang, S., & Hao, Z.-Y. (2024) · International Journal of General Medicine · doi:10.2147/ijgm.s497322 · Cited by 6
“27,28 Hawkins et al have also revealed that both T and B lymphocytes experience a significant decline in the presence of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteremia.”
Kim, J. M., Hoang, H., & Choi, J. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13206105 · Cited by 6
“A higher Our study shows that the post-treatment NLR is signi fi cantly lower than the pre-treatment values, while the post-treatment LMR is signi fi cantly higher, and the post-Figure reflect reduced platelet activation and inflammation [22].”
BackgroundRodrigues, P. A. S. D. S., de Oliveira, A. L., Brandão, K. M., Landeiro, L. D. S. G., Calmon, L. C., Cruz, J. V. A., Silva, M. D. A., Rocha, A. F. S., de Souza, D. S. C., de Moreira, A. T. A., et al. (2024) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2024.148804 · Cited by 5
Ahmed, H. H., Farag, H., & Sobhy, N. (2024) · Revista Colombiana de Reumatología · doi:10.1016/j.rcreu.2024.01.006 · Cited by 6
The unexpected effect of parathyroid adenoma on inflammation
Harmantepe, A. T., Kocer, B., Bayhan, Z., Gonullu, E., & Dulger, U. (2023) · Updates in Surgery · doi:10.1007/s13304-023-01734-x · Cited by 6
Wen, H., Wang, N., Lv, M., Yang, Y., & Liu, H. (2023) · Asian Biomedicine · doi:10.2478/abm-2023-0069 · Cited by 6
“When acute inflammation occurs, lymphocyte levels can be easily decreased [18].”
BackgroundRole of Platelets in Rheumatic Chronic Autoimmune Inflammatory Diseases
Péč, M., Jurica, J., Pecova, M., Benko, J., Sokol, J., Bolek, T., Samec, M., Hurtová, T., Galajda, P., Samoš, M., et al. (2023) · Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis · doi:10.1055/s-0043-1777071 · Cited by 6
“14 In psoriasis, an increase in PLR is associated with an increase in C-reactive protein (CRP) and PASI, whilst successful treatment leads to a reduction in PLR. 53 PLR is also used as a marker of major adverse cardiac eventsincardiovasculardiseases, and it isdebatedwhether it can be used to…”
BackgroundGunay, B. (2023) · Clinical and experimental optometry · doi:10.1080/08164622.2023.2201370 · Cited by 6
“21 In the regression model established as the independent variables of the CMT, NLR, PLR, and BCVA as the dependent variables, none of the independent variables reached a level of significance in predicting the BCVA.”
MethodPlatelet to lymphocyte ratio was a risk factor in Perthes disease
Wang, T., Luo, X., Li, B., Huang, Q., Liu, J., Tang, S., Liu, Y., Lu, R., Liao, S., & Ding, X. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-32000-0 · Cited by 7
Biogenesis aberration: One of the mechanisms of thrombocytopenia in COVID-19
Shan, C., Yu, F., Deng, X., Ni, L., Luo, X.-M., Li, J., Cai, S., Huang, M., & Wang, X.-B. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1100997 · Cited by 6
“In addition, PLR has significance in a variety of tumour diseases, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, rheumatic diseases, and so on (Gasparyan et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2018; Hirahara et al., 2019; Kurtul and Ornek, 2019).”
BackgroundJoshi, A., Bhambhani, A., Barure, R., Gonuguntla, S., Sarathi, V., Attia, A. M., Shrestha, A. B., & Jaiswal, V. (2023) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032735 · Cited by 16
“By combining the pro-thrombotic response of platelets and controlled inflammatory response by lymphocytes, PLR has been proven to be a more reliable indicator of inflammation.[22] PLR was found to be positively associated with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis in ACS and was also found to be an independent pred…”
MethodThe COVID ‐19 vaccine did not affect the basal immune response and menstruation in female athletes
Chiang, M., Shih, L.-C., Lu, C., & Fang, S. (2023) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.15556 · Cited by 6
“…the severity of various diseases, such as infectious disease (Yang et al., 2020), metabolic syndrome (Buyukkaya et al., 2014), rheumatic disease (Gasparyan et al., 2019), liver disease, acute pancreatitis (Çetinkaya et al., 2014), inflammatory bowel disease (Yamamoto- Furusho & Mendieta-…”
BackgroundKurtkulagi, O. (2022) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.22141/2224-0721.18.2.2022.1151 · Cited by 6
Abe, K., Choe, H., Oba, M., Tezuka, T., Ike, H., Kobayashi, N., & Inaba, Y. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-07678-3 · Cited by 6
Crispino, F., Grova, M., Maida, M., Renna, S., Mocciaro, F., Casà, A., Rizzuto, G., Tesé, L., Scimeca, D., Mitri, R. D., et al. (2021) · Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy · doi:10.1080/14712598.2021.1935857 · Cited by 6
“Among others, high values of NLR have been associated with poor prognosis in patients with acute decompensation and acute-on-chronic liver disease [8], poor overall survival in various solid tumors [2], and adverse outcomes in pancreatitis [7], while high values of PLR have been associated with severity of inflammatio…”
BackgroundComparison of gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel and FOLFIRINOX in metastatic pancreatic cancer
Han, S. Y., Kim, D. U., Seol, Y. M., Kim, S., Lee, N. K., Hong, S. B., & Seo, H. I. (2020) · World Journal of Clinical Cases · doi:10.12998/wjcc.v8.i17.3718 · Cited by 8
Purón-González, E., González-Cantú, A., Coronado-Alejandro, E., Sánchez-Dávila, O. E., Cobos-Aguilar, H., & Romero-Ibarguengoitia, M. E. (2020) · European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepathology · doi:10.1097/meg.0000000000001845 · Cited by 6
Kim, S., & Choe, J. (2025) · International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1111/1756-185x.70166 · Cited by 6
“In contrast, PLR values in AS patients were lower or no different from those in the control group [10, 13, 17].”
InfluentialWang, Z., Cui, Z., & Wang, P. (2025) · Burns · doi:10.1016/j.burns.2025.107444 · Cited by 5
Wang, X., Zhao, Y., Fan, Y., & Liu, Y. (2025) · Immunity, Inflammation and Disease · doi:10.1002/iid3.70119 · Cited by 5
Güner, M. E., Öztürk, P., & Kuş, M. (2025) · Dermatology Practical & Conceptual · doi:10.5826/dpc.1501a4969 · Cited by 5
“PLR, obtained by dividing the number of platelets measured in peripheral blood by the number of lymphocytes, is a marker that reveals changes in platelet and lymphocyte numbers due to acute inflammatory and prothrombotic conditions [34].”
Sabra, A., Moselhy, S. A., & Eldin, A. M. B. (2024) · Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia · doi:10.61622/rbgo/2024rbgo84 · Cited by 5
Chunowski, P., Migda, B., Madetko‐Alster, N., Migda, A. M., Kutyłowski, M., Królicki, L., & Alster, P. (2024) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1464524 · Cited by 5
Chun, Y., Jo, J. H., & Park, J. W. (2024) · Head & Face Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13005-024-00407-3 · Cited by 8
“The inflammatory markers investigated in this study were ratio values selected based on previous studies showing there higher accuracy in reflecting systemic inflammatory status and long-term disease prognosis compared to absolute values [67, 68].”
MethodNicoara, D., Munteanu, A., Scutca, A.-C., Brad, G., Asproniu, R., Jugănaru, I., & Mărginean, O. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12010065 · Cited by 5
“…have explored several complete blood count (CBC)-derived During recent years, researchers have explored several complete blood count (CBC)-derived in fl ammation indices to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of di ff erent in fl ammatory disorders, given their low cost and availability [14–21].”
BackgroundWang, H.-F., Yu, J.-L., Shen, W., Zhao, H.-Y., Cui, J., & Gao, B. (2023) · Cancer Biomarkers · doi:10.3233/cbm-220260 · Cited by 5
“Both LRR and PLR are indicators of systemic inflammation [7,8].”
Resber, H. N., Takir, M., & Torun, C. (2023) · Medeniyet Medical Journal · doi:10.4274/mmj.galenos.2023.41882 · Cited by 5
“The monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are used for this purpose 7-11 .”
Li, D., Yuan, M., & Yang, H. (2022) · Cellular and Molecular Biology · doi:10.14715/cmb/2022.68.5.24 · Cited by 5
“Clinical studies have looked at the inflammatory response to iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis by gadoliniumenhanced magnetic resonance venography (Gd-MRV) and found that the magnetic resonance scan around the thrombus in the affected limb of acute venous thrombosis was significantly more enhanced than the normal contr…”
BackgroundGaballah, A., Elsawy, N., El-Gendy, W., Afifi, A., & Hanafi, M. S. M. (2022) · Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s43166-022-00126-0 · Cited by 5
“[59] showed that combining PLR-NLR ROC curves can distinguish more accurately between patients with active RA and healthy controls and non-active RA patients from healthy controls.”
BackgroundStanciu, A. E., Stanciu, M., Zamfirescu, A., & Gheorghe, D. C. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14102359 · Cited by 5
“At the same time, PLR reveals shifts in platelet and lymphocyte counts due to acute inflammatory and prothrombotic states [30].”
BackgroundErbaş, I., Hajikhanova, A., Besci, O., Acinikli, K. Y., Demir, K., Böber, E., & Abacı, A. (2022) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism (JPEM) · doi:10.1515/jpem-2021-0564 · Cited by 5
Li, H., & Shuai, Z.-W. (2021) · Heart and Vessels · doi:10.1007/s00380-021-01981-1 · Cited by 5
Düzenli, T., Köseoğlu, H., & Akyol, T. (2020) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1093/ibd/izaa153 · Cited by 5
Advances in the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis.
Ing, E., Pagnoux, C., & Torun, N. (2019) · Current Opinion in Ophthalmology · doi:10.1097/icu.0000000000000616 · Cited by 5
“thrombocytosis may be potentially useful in the diagnosis [40].”
BackgroundGulesir, M. E., Coşgun, M., & Taşçı, M. (2026) · Echocardiography · doi:10.1111/echo.70484 · Cited by 4
“PLR reveals the relationship between the inflammatory aspect of platelets and the regulatory role of lymphocytes [ 15 ].”
Peripheral blood immune inflammatory markers in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Wu, B., Cao, F., Mao, M., Gong, X., & Xu, B. (2025) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1690767 · Cited by 4
Cao, D., & Liu, X. (2025) · Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.1177/00099228251389785 · Cited by 2
“28,29 Platelets can influence neutrophils, stimulating cytokine synthesis and migration to surrounding tissues, thereby contributing to inflammation and small vessel damage.”
Róg, J., Karakuła, K. H., Rząd, Z., Niedziałek, K., Juchnowicz, D., Rymuszka, A., & Karakuła‐Juchnowicz, H. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17142260 · Cited by 5
“Elevation of PLR can be used in the assessment of inflammatory activity, including autoimmune, atherosclerotic, metabolic, prothrombotic, neoplastic, and psychiatric diseases [37–39].”
Thomson, R., Bohnak, C., & Wladis, E. (2024) · Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/iop.0000000000002829 · Cited by 4
“…with markers of systemic inflammation and predicts disease severity of various pro-thrombotic, neoplastic, infectious, and metabolic diseases 8–12 in addition to multiple ocular diseases, including primary nasal duct occlusion, 13 anterior uveitis, 14 primary closed angle glaucoma, 15…”
Xu, Y., Li, Q., Pan, M.-Q., Jia, X., Wang, W., Guo, Q.-Q., & Luan, L. (2024) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1459555 · Cited by 4
Cho, I., Jo, J. H., & Park, J. W. (2024) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-024-04862-x · Cited by 4
“And previous studies support the role of such indices in evaluating disease severity [16–23].”
BackgroundResultAbsieh, N., Arslan, F., Doğan, Ö., Kaya, A., Öz, M., Erol, S., Çiledağ, A., & Kaya, A. (2024) · International Journal of Laboratory Hematology · doi:10.1111/ijlh.14299 · Cited by 4
“However, heterogeneous results are obtained in rheumatological and immunological diseases, providing more meaningful results when used in conjunction with NLR. 26 Research findings indicate that the MLR could serve as a bio-marker demonstrating the short-term prognosis associated with inflammatory response in sepsis,…”
Luo, Y., & Zhao, J. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29763 · Cited by 4
Xiao, H.-B., Lv, X., Zhou, S.-D., Ren, Q.-L., Zhang, Z., & Wang, X.-L. (2024) · Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery · doi:10.1186/s13019-024-02630-0 · Cited by 4
“Integration of various immune pathways, including NLR, dNLR, PLR, LMR, and SII, which are interdependent and play a significant role in prognosis, in COVID-19 [22], preterm labor [23], acute pancreatitis [24], rheumatic diseases [25], and coronary artery disease [14, 26–28].”
BackgroundKhan, S., Yousaf, M., Rashid, A., & Manzar, A. (2024) · Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP · doi:10.29271/jcpsp.2024.01.68 · Cited by 4
Sezikli, İ., Tutan, M., Turhan, V. B., Özkan, M. B., & Topçu, R. (2024) · Ulusal Travma Ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi-turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery · doi:10.14744/tjtes.2024.64796 · Cited by 4
“[21] The affordability of PLR as an inflammation marker, applicable across numerous clinical settings, facilitates straightforward decision-making in decision tree models.”
Relationship of Complete Blood Count Derived Biomarkers With Methotrexate Resistance
Chikovani, T., Gvetadze, N., Abashishvili, L., Shalamberidze, L., & Kikodze, N. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.50765 · Cited by 4
Cozma, E. C., Găman, M., Orzan, O. A., Kord-Varkaneh, H., Voiculescu, V. M., & Găman, A. M. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.48177 · Cited by 4
“PLR seems to correlate with NLR and other inflammation markers [13].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Gasparyan, A. Y., Ayvazyan, L., Mukanova, U., Yessirkepov, M., & Kitas, G. D.
- Affiliations
- Russells Hall Hospital (GB)
- Yerevan State Medical University (AM)
- South Kazakhstan Medical Academy (KZ)
- Corresponding author
- Gasparyan, Armen Yuri
- Venue
- Annals of Laboratory Medicine
- Publisher
- Annals of Laboratory Medicine
- Published
- 2019-07-01
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 345-357
- ISSN
- 2234-3806 (ISSN-L)
- 2234-3814
- PMC
- PMC6400713
- OpenAlex
- W2917958408
- Cited by
- 607
- References
- 106
- Citations by year
- 2026: 69 · 2025: 101 · 2024: 105 · 2023: 95 · 2022: 95 · 2021: 79 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 13
- FWCI
- 5.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Annals of Laboratory Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies
- Keywords
- platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, inflammatory markers, rheumatic diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, Behçet's disease, familial Mediterranean fever, giant cell arteritis, vasculitis, neutrophilic inflammation, systemic inflammation, infection prediction
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Blood Platelets, Humans, Lymphocytes, Neoplasms, Rheumatic Diseases, Giant Cell Arteritis, Biomarkers
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