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The Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as an Inflammatory Marker in Rheumatic Diseases
Open accessAbstract
The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) has emerged as an informative marker revealing shifts in platelet and lymphocyte counts due to acute inflammatory and prothrombotic states. PLR has been extensively examined in neoplastic diseases accompanied by immune suppression and thrombosis, which can be predicted by combined blood cell counts and their ratios. Several large observational studies have demonstrated the value of shifts in PLR in evaluating the severity of systemic inflammation and predicting infections and other comorbidities, in inflammatory rheumatic diseases. The value of PLR as an inflammatory marker increases when its fluctuations are interpreted along with other complementary hematologic indices, particularly the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), which provides additional information about the disease activity, presence of neutrophilic inflammation, infectious complications, and severe organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus. PLR and NLR have high predictive value in rheumatic diseases with predominantly neutrophilic inflammation (e.g., Behçet disease and familial Mediterranean fever). High PLR, along with elevated platelet count, is potentially useful in diagnosing some systemic vasculitides, particularly giant-cell arteritis. A few longitudinal studies on rheumatic diseases have demonstrated a decrease in PLR in response to anti-inflammatory therapies. The main limitations of PLR studies are preanalytical faults, inadequate standardization of laboratory measurements, and inappropriate subject selection. Nonetheless, accumulating evidence suggests that PLR can provide valuable information to clinicians who encounter multisystem manifestations of rheumatic diseases, which are reflected in shifts in platelet, lymphocyte, neutrophil, or monocyte counts. Interpretation of PLR combined with complementary hematologic indices is advisable to more accurately diagnose inflammatory rheumatic diseases and predict related comorbidities.
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“Since then, IRCs have been repeatedly proposed as solid prognostic markers for various additional conditions including low-grade inflammation, rheumatic diseases, sepsis, myocarditis, thrombosis, ischemic and cardiovascular events, autoimmune and systemic diseases, cancer incidence, progression, response and outcome, COVID-19 severity and prognosis, critical illness, and overall mortality [26,27,2”
From Immune Cell Ratios Are Higher in Bipolar Affective than Unipolar Depressive Disorder and Modulated by Mood Episode: A Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Study (2023) · cites this paper as [34]
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Li, H., Zhou, Y., Ma, Y., Han, S., & Zhou, L. (2017) · Kardiologia Polska · doi:10.5603/kp.a2017.0068 · Cited by 90
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Duan, J., Zhang, X., Zhang, Z.-Z., Zhou, M.-Z., Chen, K.-Y., Liu, T., & Cheng, L. (2026) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12872-026-05679-y · Cited by 1
“Moreover, acute coronary syndrome often results from plaque rupture and subsequent thrombosis, [19] a process exacerbated by increased circulating platelets and platelet activation–driven chemokine secretion, which further fuels local inflammation and thrombus formation [20–23].”
Shawky, E. M., Abdelrahman, M. S. I., & Farrag, S. (2026) · Mediterranean Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.31138/mjr.200625.era · Cited by 1
Lv, C., Shi, K.-K., Guo, Z., Luo, P., Wu, Z., & Yu, P. (2026) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-026-07979-3 · Cited by 1
“We speculated that the rapid changes of rectal temperature, white blood cells and platelets may be related to systemic acute inflammatory reaction [45–47].”
Shabbir, A. S., Saadullah, M., & Bukhari, S. (2026) · InflammoPharmacology · doi:10.1007/s10787-026-02138-0 · Cited by 1
He, R.-Q., He, K.-C., Qin, X.-P., Ma, J., Chen, Z., Qin, B.-L., Xue, J., Chen, T.-Y., Chen, J.-R., Zhan, X.-L., et al. (2026) · SAGE Open Medicine · doi:10.1177/20503121261424338 · Cited by 1
“48,49 In this study, robust associations were observed between AS risk and platelet-related indicators (PLT, PCT, and PLR), which may reflect systemic inflammation and immune dysregulation in AS patients.”
Tian, J.-J., Tang, X., Zhou, W.-Y., Yang, C., Zhang, Q., Wu, Q., Ma, X.-T., Tang, G.-S., Guan, M., & Wu, Z.-Y. (2026) · Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2025.120817 · Cited by 1
FT3 Levels and Systemic Inflammation: Evidence From a Population‐Based NHANES Analysis
Yang, L., Wang, H.-Y., Fu, M.-F., Zhang, Y., Chen, X., Wang, Z.-X., & Sun, H. (2026) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/mi/3764432 · Cited by 1
Guo, Y., Wang, L., Wang, Z.-X., Wang, Y., Lin, Q., Zhang, X.-W., Wu, L.-Q., & Wan, B. (2025) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2025.13052 · Cited by 1
“Therefore, in the context of AE‑COPD, the driving force behind DVT risk is not the absolute number of platelets, but rather their activa‑ tion state and the host's inflammatory microenvironment, as reflected by lymphocytopenia (24).”
Machine learning-based risk prediction model for cognitive dysfunction in elderly individuals
Zhang, L., Xiang, X., Chen, W., Miao, H., Zou, T., Wu, R., & Zhou, X. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0336058 · Cited by 1
“The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), recently developed composite inflammatory markers, are widely used to assess systemic inflammation [15,16].”
Yuan, J., Liu, W.-Z., Wu, D., Jia, F.-Y., Yang, J.-Y., Cao, X., Zhou, Z., & Tan, J. (2025) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-025-07853-7 · Cited by 1
“Among complete-blood-countostic markers is therefore important to guide risk stratification and management of RA patients in the ICven inflammatory/thrombotic activity with lymphocyte-mediated immune competence and is universally obtainable on admission [6].”
Membiela, F. D., Clifton, R., & Dye, C. (2025) · Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care · doi:10.1111/vec.70060 · Cited by 1
“The NLR, PLR, and MPV are also used in people as prognostic and monitoring tools in chronic conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease [19, 20], chronic kidney disease [21], diabetes mellitus [22], rheumatoid arthritis [23], and neoplasia [24–26].”
Zou, M., Shi, Y.-T., Xu, W., Hu, Y.-X., Yu, K.-J., Liu, T., & Yuan, F. (2025) · Advances in Rheumatology · doi:10.1186/s42358-025-00490-3 · Cited by 1
Clinical values of systemic inflammatory indices in diabetic retinopathy
Rezvani, Z., Khani, F., Afarid, M., Asadian, F., & Takhshid, M. (2025) · Clinical and experimental optometry · doi:10.1080/08164622.2025.2555759 · Cited by 1
Hamid, M. B. E., Ali, M. H., Elbashier, A. B. A., Ibrahim, L. A. M., Elhaj, M. E. A., Mohamed, F. B. A., Mohamedahmed, A. O. Y., & Abdalmagid, A. F. A. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.89522 · Cited by 1
“These findings corroborate studies linking PLR to endothelial dysfunction and fluid retention, mechanisms that may prolong hospitalization [29].”
Raluchukwu, E.-O. O., Onubuogu, A. C., Oluchi.C, A., Ugochi, C.-M. J., & Tobechukwu, O. L. (2025) · Global Health Dynamics · doi:10.64229/yh1y6w35 · Cited by 1
“[2].”
Sakhr, H., Hm, F., Aziz, A. E. A., & Qubaisy, H. (2025) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-025-05519-6 · Cited by 1
Li, L.-X., Feng, T., Huang, X.-Z., Zu, X.-M., Chen, M.-H., & Qiu, Y. (2025) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/s12876-025-04070-z · Cited by 1
“Additionally, PLR exhibits temporal variability, fluctuating with acute inflammatory states such as disease flares, necessitating repeated measurements for reliable longitudinal assessment [16].”
Naz, S., Ujjan, I., Majeed, S., Ghani, A., Khaksheli, S., & Rajput, A. (2025) · Pakistan journal of health sciences · doi:10.54393/pjhs.v6i6.3357 · Cited by 1
Hansildaar, R., van Velzen, M., van der Vossen, E. V. D., Kramer, G., Nurmohamed, M., & Levels, J. H. M. (2025) · Proteome Science · doi:10.1186/s12953-025-00243-6 · Cited by 1
“The ratio of platelets to lymphocytes, an inflammatory marker in rheumatic diseases, may serve as a measure of the inflammatory status of a patient [11].”
Clinical utility of complete blood count indices in pediatric MOG antibody-associated disease
Kim, Y. H., Kim, S. Y., Yoo, I. H., Lim, B. C., Chae, J., Kim, K. J., & Kim, W. J. (2025) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2025.106446 · Cited by 1
Yadav, M. K., Kim, H., Han, S.-Y., Son, C.-G., & Wang, J.-H. (2025) · Natural Product Communications · doi:10.1177/1934578x251331114 · Cited by 1
“37 In this study, we found that BSCA alleviated the hematological disturbances caused by the HFHFD, including thrombocytosis and leukopenia.”
Chanda, S., Sujon, H. A., Boby, F. A., Camenidis, C.-M., & Geantă, V. A. (2025) · Retos · doi:10.47197/retos.v66.110093 · Cited by 1
“Elevated MPV may indicate bone marrow disorders, inflammation, infections, vitamin D deficiency, cardiovascular disease, or recovery from thrombocytopenia (Gasparyan et al., 2019; Karnad & Poskitt, 1985).”
Mahmoodlou, R., Hoseinzadeh, P., Hoseini, F., & Hooshmand, L. (2025) · Studies in Medical Sciences · doi:10.61186/umj.35.11.873 · Cited by 1
Platelet-Related Indicators: Potential Role in Early Prediction of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Zhang, X., Chen, C., Chen, C.-W., Chen, S., Lu, N., Zhang, J., & Sun, Y. (2024) · Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.31083/j.ceog5110216 · Cited by 1
Morel, Z., Acosta, R., Paats, A., Cabrera-Villalba, S., de Abreu, P., Pedretti, G. Á., Centurión, O., Acosta, M. E., de Filártiga, M. T. M., Fuentes-Silva, Y. J., et al. (2024) · Medicina clínica y social · doi:10.52379/mcs.v8i3.437 · Cited by 1
“In the same way, the NLR, showed a correlation with SLE activity in different studies (9,13,14,19).”
BackgroundRana, M., Zulfiqar, M., & Iftikhar, B. (2024) · JOURNAL OF LAHORE MEDICAL AND DENTAL COLLEGE · doi:10.70384/jlmdc.v1i01.28 · Cited by 1
Which inflammatory marker might be the best indicator for sacroiliitis?
Kalfaoğlu, M., & Coşgun, Z. (2023) · Precision Medical Sciences · doi:10.1002/prm2.12118 · Cited by 1
“9 On the other hand, it has been reported that high LMR ratios are associated with inflammatory processes such as appendicitis and atherosclerosis.”
BackgroundDo Routine Laboratory Parameters Predict the Disease Activity in Children with Behçet’s Disease?
Yıldırım, D. G., & Bakkaloğlu, S. (2023) · Gazi Medical Journal · doi:10.12996/gmj.2023.76 · Cited by 1
“ESR (mm/hr) 35 (9-74) 10 (4-103) 12 (2-23) 0,000 0,000 0,887”
InfluentialDirim, A., Tiryaki, T., Altin, S., Beşışık, S., Hindilerden, I. Y., & Nalçacı, M. (2023) · Journal of clinical apheresis · doi:10.1002/jca.22085 · Cited by 1
Bezen, D., & Vurgun, E. (2023) · Çocuk Dergisi / Journal of Child · doi:10.26650/jchild.2023.1270111 · Cited by 1
Akkuş, T., & Ekici, M. (2023) · Revista Científica de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias · doi:10.52973/rcfcv-e33260 · Cited by 1
“In general, stress-induced hypercortisolemia, followed by platelet release into blood cells and transient lymphopenia, influences the degree of PLR elevation in a variety of proinflammatory and prothrombotic states [31].”
BackgroundBiomarkers in Urethral Stricture Disease and Benign Lower Urinary Tract Disease.
Campbell, J., Hayden, J. P., & Vanni, A. (2023) · Urologic clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ucl.2022.09.001 · Cited by 1
Kozanoğlu, E., Akalın, B., Berköz, Ö., Yücel, H., Yıldıran, M., Solmaz, M., & Emekli, U. (2023) · Ulusal Travma Ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi-turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery · doi:10.14744/tjtes.2023.01801 · Cited by 1
“[17] NLR and PLR are utilized in the surveillance of various rheumatologic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Behçet’s disease, familial Mediterranean fever, and systemic lupus erythematosus.[11,19] An increase in these ratios may demonstrate a reactivation of the rheumatic diseases and a novel damage at the organ…”
BackgroundAltınbaş, Ö. (2022) · International Journal of Clinical Studies and Medical Case Reports · doi:10.46998/ijcmcr.2021.16.000395 · Cited by 1
“Platelet-to-lymphocyte (Plt/Lym), neutrophilto-lymphocyte (Neut/Lym), lymphocyte-to-monocyte (Lym/ Mono) and aspartate-to-alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratios are four of these novel markers for inflammation-associated diseases [4-7].”
BackgroundAbnormal peripheral blood cell counts in neurofibromatosis type 1
Nobeyama, Y., Yasuda, K.-I., & Asahina, A. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-23739-z · Cited by 1
Güven, D., & Sari̇ci̇, D. (2022) · Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care · doi:10.47582/jompac.1168976 · Cited by 1
Predictive Factors of Organ Involvement in Childhood Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
Önder, E. N. A., & Ertan, P. (2022) · Journal of Dr Behcet Uz Children s Hospital · doi:10.4274/buchd.galenos.2022.87533 · Cited by 1
Prognostic Value of C-Reactive Protein and Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio in Coronavirus Disease 19
Edan, L. M., Samein, L., & Salih, K. S. (2022) · Bionatura · doi:10.21931/rb/2022.07.02.53 · Cited by 1
“This ratio has been used to diagnose various diseases, such as autoimmune diseases and heart diseases 3 .”
MethodFrater, J. (2022) · Annals of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.avsg.2022.04.034 · Cited by 1
Güngörer, V., & Arslan, Ş. (2022) · Düzce Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.18678/dtfd.1037824 · Cited by 1
“Simple blood parameters were investigated in terms of disease severity for many diseases (17-21).”
BackgroundMuravyov, V., Lebedeva, V., & Glukhova, S. (2022) · Rheumatology Science and Practice · doi:10.47360/1995-4484-2022-52-56 · Cited by 1
Yorulmaz, E., & Külcü, D. G. (2022) · The European Research Journal · doi:10.18621/eurj.886700 · Cited by 1
“It has been emphasized that PLR is higher in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis than in healthy individuals [3, 4].”
BackgroundChen, B.-L., Zhu, Q., Li, S., Ge, Y., Wu, P.-Y., Tian, J., Xie, X., & Li, F. (2021) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1077543/v1 · Cited by 1
Association of haematological biomarkers with severity of COVID-19 pneumonia
Kaeley, N., Mahala, P., Walia, R., Subramanyam, V., Choudhary, S., & Shankar, T. (2021) · Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care · doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_617_21 · Cited by 1
“The values of both baseline NLR and peak values of NLR can be compared to assess the severity of the disease.[19] Hence, NLR can be used as a cost-effective and easily measurable biomarker of COVID-19 disease severity.”
Ghrahani, R., Ghozali, M., Sugianli, A., Yuniati, T., Judistiani, R. T. D., & Setiabudiawan, B. (2021) · doi:10.31436/imjm.v20i2.122 · Cited by 1
Yorgancı, A., Buyuk, G. N., Akyol, M., Gündüz, Ö., Seven, B., & Engin-Üstün, Y. (2021) · Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie · doi:10.1055/a-1370-0620 · Cited by 1
“Elevated NLR, MLR, PLR, and MPV are found to be associated with a worse outcome in several conditions such as rheumatic diseases [14], critically ill septic patients [15, 16], cardiovascular diseases [17], pulmonary embolism [18], and in various cancers [19–21].”
BackgroundIwayama, K., Manabe, T., Kishibe, M., Honma, M., & Tasaki, Y. (2020) · Iryo Yakugaku (Japanese Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences) · doi:10.5649/jjphcs.46.567 · Cited by 1
Akyol, P., Yildiz, A., Öztürk, H., Maral, S., Aras, M., Yılmaz, F., Sağlam, B., Tığlıoğlu, M., & Albayrak, M. (2020) · Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.htct.2020.09.077 · Cited by 1
“Many studies have determined that eleveted PLR is associated with inflammatory, metabolic, prothrombotic and neoplastic diseases [32].”
BackgroundComplete blood count parameters in the antepartum diagnosis of placental invasion anomalies
Özgen, G., & Özgen, L. (2020) · doi:10.4328/acam.20315 · Cited by 1
“The PLR better predicts clinical outcomes in patients with systemic inflammation than platelet and lymphocyte counts alone [21].”
BackgroundIkkurthi, S., Srinivasan, A. R., Vaikkakara, S., Rajendran, J., Sripad, D. V., & Rajeswari, M. (2026) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2026.113635
Wei, W., Li, Y.-M., Fang, G.-R., Jian, J.-L., & Lin, Z.-M. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1996149
Choe, E. K., Kim, M. J., Lee, D. W., Park, S. C., Sohn, D. K., Oh, J. H., Ryoo, S., Jeong, S.-Y., Park, K. J., & Park, J. W. (2026) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41416-026-03647-z
Red Cell Distribution Width and Hematological Patterns in Behçet’s Disease
Dilek, G., Unan, M. K., Uzun, E., Nas, K., & Kamanlı, A. (2026) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo16110804
Li, L.-M., Shao, Y.-Z., Cai, H., & Yang, L. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1957990
“Systemic in fl ammatory indices (including NLR, PLR, and SII) have been established as robust prognostic indicators across multiple autoimmune disorders (37 – 39).”
Alan, A. M., Cerme, M. O., Ar, M., & Trabulus, S. (2026) · Cerrahpasa Medical Journal · doi:10.5152/cjm.2026.26113
Srivathsan, R., Shetty, P., Shetty, G. B., & Gayathri Manohari, B. (2026) · Nutrire · doi:10.1186/s41110-026-00546-4
“An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that elevated PLRs can indicate levels of atherosclerosis, platelet activation, and inflammation [5 ].”
Ripepi, C., van Es, B., Tekstra, J., Spierings, J., van Laar, J. V., Haitjema, S., & Welsing, P. (2026) · EULAR rheumatology open · doi:10.1016/j.ero.2026.100243
“Beyond these, speci fi c subindices (eg, the TJC28-SCJ28 difference and DAS28-P, the proportion of DAS28 attributable to patient-reported components [TJC and VAS-GH]) have been proposed to re fi ne interpretation of objective disease activity [13,14].”
Doğan, A. E., Aydın, M. Y., Akça, K. S., Altan, M., Özenç, G., & Huseynli, A. (2026) · Cukurova Anestezi ve Cerrahi Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.36516/jocass.1960814
Güngör, M. E., Durmaz, A., Ozdemir, Ç., & Kurtoğlu, Y. K. (2026) · Uluborlu Mesleki Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.71445/umbd.1899067
Kiseleva, A. D., & Karpova, Y. (2026) · Russian Journal for Personalized Medicine · doi:10.18705/2782-3806-2026-6-4-266-273
Zhou, J., Yin, S., Xue, S., Sun, C., & Zhao, Y. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0355937
“The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), a simple and readily obtainable indicator of systemic inflammation [23], has been shown to be related to various chronic diseases as well as psychological symptoms [24,25].”
Ahmad, H., Hussain, M. M., Ibrihim, A., Chaudry, S., Wathore, N., Sheikh, A. R., Ayantoyinbo, T., Tunio, N.-U.-H., Zahoor, Z., Beshir, L., et al. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.116884
Wei, M., Yu, R.-R., Xiong, Z., & Hua, Y.-Y. (2026) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research · doi:10.1080/01443615.2026.2725024
Ji, S., Ping, J.-Y., Cheng, L., Zhang, T.-Q., Huang, Z.-W., Wang, L.-Z., Cheng, C., & Zhang, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1855064
“These indicators represent the interactions between innate and adaptive immunity and may provide greater insight into the immunopathological mechanisms underlying disease progression and comorbidity development than single biomarkers do (11 – 13).”
Yarahmadi, D., Rad, F. N., Hazaveh, M. B., Vaseghi, Y., Rafatnia, A., Mohammadi, A., Moazez, C., Goodarzy, B., Kakoienejad, M. M., & Eslami, S. (2026) · Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery · doi:10.1186/s13019-026-04651-3
“The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) captures the conjoint prothrombotic and inflammatory milieu reflected by thrombocytosis and lymphocyte suppression [6].”
Jiang, W., Lv, Y., Yang, Y., Wen, B., Liu, Y., Wu, Y.-S., & Zhu, T. (2026) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000049895
“[14,34] The consistent associations observed across these indices underscore the robustness of the link between dietary inflammatory potential and systemic immune dysregulation.”
Zhang, L.-F., Gao, W., Chang, X., Lu, F., Li, C.-Y., Yan, C.-T., Lan, Q.-H., Fang, J., & Zeng, S. (2026) · Translational Cancer Research · doi:10.21037/tcr-2026-1203
“In patients with hematologic malignancies, the tumor microenvironment already exhibits inflammatory activation; when combined with catheter irritation, the inflammation-coagulation system is easily further disrupted, leading to accelerated thrombus formation (29).”
Zhang, L., Wu, Y., Jin, Q., Wen, Y., Wang, Y., Han, Q., Zhang, X., & Yu, W. (2026) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/s12876-026-05106-8
Gadicherla, R., Sreekar, S., & Hittalmani, P. S. (2026) · PAIN, JOINTS, SPINE · doi:10.1922/pjs.16.6s.2026.1045
“They release pro-inflammatory microparticles and contribute to the "crosstalk" between the coagulation and immune systems [11,14].”
InfluentialFang, Z., Ding, N., & Wang, F. (2026) · Frontiers in Global Women s Health · doi:10.3389/fgwh.2026.1775954
“Among these, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have garnered particular attention as markers of immune balance and inflammatory burden (22, 23).”
Singh, S., Gupta, N., Markanday, K., Choudhary, A., Singh, S., & Gupta, A. (2026) · International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology · doi:10.25258/ijddt.16.63s.183
“9 Consequently, PLR represents a composite measure that integrates two important biological processes implicated in the development and progression of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders.”
Nagornykh, A. M., Tyumentseva, M., Tyumentsev, A., Fedotov, L. A., Karbyshev, K., Danilova, L. S., Akinin, A., & Akimkin, V. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27146266
Chen, Y., Xu, C., Zhang, H.-Y., Chai, Z.-L., & Li, J. (2026) · Journal of International Medical Research · doi:10.1177/03000605261464306
Escherichia coli Kaynaklı Pyometralı Köpeklerde Proliferatif ve İnflamatuvar Değişiklikler
Uğur, A. B., Uçmak, Z. G., Yılmaz, M., Sarılar, M., Kurban, I., Islamoglu, S., Güneş, B. G., Güzelbakan, S. Y., & Halaç, B. (2026) · Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.47027/duvetfd.1872578
Szlichta, D., Dryglewska, M., Łyś-Toporowska, E., & Majdan, M. (2026) · Rheumatology · doi:10.5114/reum/214444
Othman, A. M., Al-Haimi, R. M., Al-Shamahy, H. A., & Saleh, A. (2026) · مجلة جامعة صنعاء للطب والعلوم الصحية · doi:10.59628/jchm.v20i3.2713
“…inflammation and immune dysregulation, which are characteristic of RA, affect the hematopoietic system through multiple factors, such as immune complex formation, antibody production, cytokine-induced suppression of growth factors, drug toxicity, and the release of pro-inflammatory mediators [4–6].”
Zhang, L., Shen, N., Xiao, Q., Luo, K., Yan, Z.-W., & Luo, C. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1838379
Zheng, S.-G., Zhang, H.-L., Gao, Y., Chen, X.-L., Zheng, W., & Han, Q. (2026) · Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jri.2026.104900
J, P., Kori, D., Paramshetti, S., Ahamed, S. F. N., Panchagnula, R., & Chandrashekara, S. (2026) · Indian Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.1177/09733698261433332
Shi, M., Zhang, G., Zhou, H., Li, Y., Hou, Y., Yang, X., Liu, L., & Tong, G. (2026) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1804716
“The synergy between PLR and FIB-4 can be understood through a multi-layered mechanistic feedback loop (24, 25): First, chronic inflammation acts as a common upstream driver.”
Wu, P., Wang, J.-D., & Cheng, J. (2026) · BMC Pulmonary Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12890-026-04300-4
“Therefore, integrating PLR alongside additional clinical and laboratory markers can enhance the reliability of both diagnostic and prognostic assessments [10].”
The association of inflammatory markers with cerclage failure in twin pregnancies
Wang, L., Yang, D., Lin, R., & Pan, M. (2026) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-026-09161-7
Almasri, M., Safi, Y., Almasri, M., Kardan, R., Mustafa, D., Kahalah, B., Ramadan, O., & Almasri, R. (2026) · Discover Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12672-026-04882-9
“Similarly, elevated PLR reflects thrombocytosis and platelet-mediated inflammation [43, 44], though in our study its predictive value was less pronounced than that of NLR, suggesting that neutrophil predominance plays a more critical role in early postoperative morbidity.”
Li, Y., Shao, X., & Yang, X. (2026) · Eating and Weight Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40519-026-01844-6
Evaluation of hematological inflammatory parameters in patients with chronic migraine: a pilot study
Vitali-Silva, A., Silva, M., Pavão, V., Franco, I. N., Vitro, M. F. P., Zapelini, C., Netto, L. A., Imai, L. M. H., & de Oliveira, D. J. P. C. (2026) · Headache Medicine · doi:10.48208/headachemed.2026.8
Evaluation of NLR and PLR in T2DM with Coexisting Hypothyroidism and Their Correlation with TSH
M, S., Rb, R., & Ganesan, A. (2026) · International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology · doi:10.25258/ijddt.16.6s.83
Calcium Disorders in Rheumatic Diseases: An Overlooked Problem With Major Clinical Implications
Navaneethakrishnan, B., & Nikhila, G. S. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.106305
Onat, P., Ünal, Y., Durmuş, M., & Aydoğdu, Y. F. (2026) · Indian Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s12262-026-04550-w
“Platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is used as an inflamma - tory and prothrombic marker by different branches in the clinic [24 ].”
Artificial intelligence-based diagnostic model for schizophrenia in individuals living with HIV
Chen, J., Ren, T., Li, J., Li, M., Li, X., Hu, C., Jiang, Z., He, X., & Lu, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1709861
“Notably, composite in fl ammatory indices such as PLR, NLR, and SII did not show concurrent increases, which may re fl ect HIV-speci fi c immune alterations or a distinct immune response to comorbid psychiatric disorders rather than typical systemic in fl ammation (36 – 40).”
Chen, C., Yi, H., Zheng, Y., & Lin, C. (2026) · International Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.2147/ijwh.s564901
“10 Although these indices have demonstrated prognostic value in oncologic and cardiovascular settings, their utility in forecasting postoperative inflammatory trajectories after elective benign gynecologic surgery remains less explored.”
Nakamura, M., Yamashita, S., Osako, R., Motomura, S., Katsuki, N. E., Yamashita, S.-I., & Tago, M. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15051905
“…decrease in infectious diseases when progressing to sepsis or being complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation [19], whereas it usually increases in autoimmune diseases, except when complicated by hemophagocytic syndrome, or in other exceptional subsets of autoimmune diseases [20].”
Akat, H., Keskin, H., Laloğlu, F., Laloğlu, E., Güler, M. A., & Ceviz, N. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.106217
“Previous studies have suggested that NLR may serve as a simple and inexpensive marker of systemic inflammation and may be associated with disease severity and cardiovascular outcomes in various clinical settings [9,16,17].”
Cernea, S., Onisor, D., & Roiban, A. L. (2026) · Acta Marisiensis - Seria Medica · doi:10.2478/amma-2025-0060
“The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SIII) (platelet count x neutrophil count/lymphocyte count) were calculated as markers of inflammation [24].”
Wu, F., Shi, X., Li, Y.-C., Xie, L., Liu, Y.-C., Liu, Y., Zhang, L.-F., & Liu, X.-Q. (2026) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-026-12803-y
“Previous studies have found that PLR could serve as an inflammatory marker in RD [43], which assisted in diagnosing RA and assessing disease activity [44–47].”
Kerget, F., Kerget, B., Aydın, N. N., & Laloğlu, E. (2026) · Pathogens and Global Health · doi:10.1080/20477724.2026.2635347
“Hematologic indices such as PLR and SII have likewise been investigated, though their prognostic performance has varied across populations [10–12].”
Yan, C., & Lu, X.-Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2026.1729462
“…shape) were unavailable in this dataset, our extended analyses showed that the biomarker panel provided pro-thrombotic state driven by platelets, coupled with diminished lymphocyte-mediated immunoregulation—a profile that may promote vascular inflammation and accelerate wall degeneration (19).”
Ali, S., Fathi, N., Hasanien, A. M. R., & Aglan, L. I. (2026) · Egyptian Journal of Bronchology · doi:10.1186/s43168-026-00531-5
“However, recent studies have highlighted hematologic ratios derived from routine blood counts— specifically, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR)—as novel and cost-effective biomarkers of systemic inflammation [6].”
Oruç, İ., Eynel, E., Danış, R., İnce, H., & Ay, N. (2026) · Transplantation Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.transproceed.2026.02.012
Biological responses to 30 mT static magnetic field in young and 36-month-old rats
Jovanović, M., Ille, M., Vuković, A., Milovanovich, I. D., Mitić, D.-L., & de Luka, S. D. (2026) · Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1080/15368378.2026.2617536
“Consequently, elevated NLR and PLR indicate a shift toward proinflammatory and prothrombotic states relative to immune regulation (Zahorec 2001; Gasparyan et al. 2019).”
Chen, Q.-Y., & Li, M.-Y. (2026) · Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/0118715303423094251129065818
Metadata
- Authors
- Gasparyan, A. Y., Ayvazyan, L., Mukanova, U., Yessirkepov, M., & Kitas, G. D.
- Affiliations
- Russells Hall Hospital (GB)
- Yerevan State Medical University (AM)
- South Kazakhstan Medical Academy (KZ)
- Corresponding author
- Gasparyan, Armen Yuri
- Venue
- Annals of Laboratory Medicine
- Publisher
- Annals of Laboratory Medicine
- Published
- 2019-07-01
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 345-357
- ISSN
- 2234-3806 (ISSN-L)
- 2234-3814
- PMC
- PMC6400713
- OpenAlex
- W2917958408
- Cited by
- 607
- References
- 106
- Citations by year
- 2026: 69 · 2025: 101 · 2024: 105 · 2023: 95 · 2022: 95 · 2021: 79 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 13
- FWCI
- 5.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Annals of Laboratory Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies
- Keywords
- platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, inflammatory markers, rheumatic diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, Behçet's disease, familial Mediterranean fever, giant cell arteritis, vasculitis, neutrophilic inflammation, systemic inflammation, infection prediction
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Blood Platelets, Humans, Lymphocytes, Neoplasms, Rheumatic Diseases, Giant Cell Arteritis, Biomarkers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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