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Regulated differentiation of stem cells into an artificial 3D liver as a transplantable source
Open accessAbstract
End-stage liver disease is one of the leading causes of death around the world. Since insufficient sources of transplantable liver and possible immune rejection severely hinder the wide application of conventional liver transplantation therapy, artificial three-dimensional (3D) liver culture and assembly from stem cells have become a new hope for patients with end-stage liver diseases, such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. However, the induced differentiation of single-layer or 3D-structured hepatocytes from stem cells cannot physiologically support essential liver functions due to the lack of formation of blood vessels, immune regulation, storage of vitamins, and other vital hepatic activities. Thus, there is emerging evidence showing that 3D organogenesis of artificial vascularized liver tissue from combined hepatic cell types derived from differentiated stem cells is practical for the treatment of end-stage liver diseases. The optimization of novel biomaterials, such as decellularized matrices and natural macromolecules, also strongly supports the organogenesis of 3D tissue with the desired complex structure. This review summarizes new research updates on novel differentiation protocols of stem cell-derived major hepatic cell types and the application of new supportive biomaterials. Future biological and clinical challenges of this concept are also discussed.
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Splenic dECM scaffolds have shown promising results for bioengineering the liver and pancreas.
“In one successful example, splenic dECM scaffolds have shown promising results for bioengineering the liver and pancreas. However, further studies should be done on this idea before translation into the clinic [230, 231].”
From Immunogenicity of decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds: a bottleneck in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (2023) · cites this paper as [230]
The Decellularized matrix section (page not specified) reports promising liver-engineering results using decellularized spleen scaffolds, including cell survival, histocompatibility, and some liver function. It does not report their use for bioengineering the pancreas; a search for pancreatic applications found no supporting passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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The use of whole organ decellularization for the generation of a vascularized liver organoid
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Hepatic progenitor cells of biliary origin with liver repopulation capacity
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“Recently, scientists focused on exploring artificial 3D ECM by fabricating a scaffold using particular materials or a matrix, including a decellularized matrix, natural macromolecules, and synthetic biodegradable polymers (listed in Table 2).(57) The engineered scaffolds can provide a 3D environment for cell attachmen…”
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Kasravi, M., Ahmadi, A., Babajani, A., Mazloomnejad, R., Hatamnejad, M. R., Shariatzadeh, S., Bahrami, S., & Niknejad, H. (2023) · Biomaterials Research · doi:10.1186/s40824-023-00348-z · Cited by 316
Metadata
- Authors
- Chen, F., Wang, H., & Xiao, J.
- Affiliations
- Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital (CN)
- Anhui Medical University (CN)
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Xiao, Jia
- Venue
- Clinical and Molecular Hepatology
- Published
- 2020-04-01
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 163-179
- ISSN
- 2287-2728 (ISSN-L)
- 2287-285X
- PMC
- PMC7160355
- OpenAlex
- W3007003676
- Cited by
- 8
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 0.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Guangdong Province (2015B020225005)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81970515, 81873573, 81800525)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
- Keywords
- stem cell differentiation, artificial liver, end-stage liver disease, decellularized extracellular matrix, biomaterials, hepatocytes, liver transplantation, liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, organogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Differentiation, Humans, Polymers, Stem Cells, Liver Transplantation, Cell Culture Techniques, Hepatocytes, Tissue Engineering, Tissue Scaffolds
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