Hot oceanography: planktivorous seabirds reveal ecosystem responses to warming of the Bering Sea
Open accessAbstract
The Bering Sea has experienced dramatic warming in this century that has altered elements of the ecosystem, including the structure and productivity of the zooplankton community on the continental shelf, and the extent to which waters and associated plankton of oceanic origin have intruded onto the shelf.We documented temporal and spatial scales of these changes by monitoring diets of least auklets Aethia pusilla on the Pribilof Islands -least auklets are planktivores that specialize on the large calanoid copepods Neocalanus spp.from the basin and Calanus marshallae from the shelf.Diets were estimated in the summers of 1996 to 2006 by enumerating prey in regurgitated meals brought to chicks by adults, and by fatty acid analyses of live biopsy samples of adipose tissue from adult birds in 2003 and 2004, which provided additional insight.In the unusually warm 2000s, Neocalanus spp.apparently were excluded from regions of the outer shelf, where they typically occur in cooler years, and, concurrently, C. marshallae was depressed over a large region of the shelf because of chronic failures of spring cohorts to survive.Both changes were associated with anomalously high water temperatures over the middle shelf.The information provided by least auklets greatly improves our understanding of the consequences of environmental change and supplies clues about how communities and ecosystem processes respond to physical forcing.Continued warming of the magnitude seen in recent years could become a cause for concern for auklets and other planktivores in the eastern Bering Sea if it alters prey availability in ways detrimental to their populations.
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Ocean warming associated with climate change has precipitated bottom-up trophic cascades that have restructured both benthic and pelagic food webs and driven declines in shearwaters and auklets.
“More recently, ocean warming associated with climate change has precipitated bottom-up trophic cascades, analogous to those proposed here for terrestrial systems, which have restructured both benthic and pelagic food webs and driven declines in shearwaters and auklets (112–114).”
From Climate-driven declines in arthropod abundance restructure a rainforest food web (2018) · cites this paper as [114]
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“Seabird diets can be useful for interpreting chan - ges in prey populations (e.g. Barrett 2002, Deguchi et al. 2004, Hedd et al. 2006, Piatt et al. 2007, Springer et al. 2007, Renner et al. 2012).”
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“In the Bering Sea, planktivorous auklets have been used as indicators of environmental variability and ecosystem response to physical forcing (Springer & Roseneau 1985, Springer et al. 2007, BenowitzFredericks et al. 2008, Bond et al. 2011).”
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“Furthermore, significant steps have been made towards identifying particular lipid markers that can be used to characterise certain prey groups (e.g. Connan et al. 2007; Springer et al. 2007) or identify pelagic or demersal influences (Käkelä et al. 2005).”
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“It is likely that the taxonomic composition of auklet chick diets reflects both relative and overall availability of prey types at sea (Adams et al. 2004), because certain prey types are more energetically profitable than others (Springer et al. 2007).”
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“…processes of socio-economic interest, such as food web structure and the dynamics of fish stocks (Cury et al., 2011; Iverson et al., 2007; Springer et al., 2007), ecosystem health (Newman et al., 2007; Smits and Fernie, 2013), forest and agricultural management (Benton et al., 2002), and…”
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“…food availability, much work has been done to understand how climate-associated changes in the southeastern Bering Sea continental shelf ecosystem affect prey abundance (e.g. Napp et al. 2000, Springer et al. 2007, Hunt et al. 2011) and seabird reproduction (e.g. Springer 1998, Murphy et al. 2016).”
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“Such shifts between prey with changes in availability and preference have been documented in other top predators and ecosystems (Reid and Arnould 1996, Iverson et al. 2006, Springer et al. 2007).”
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“Because of their potential value as indicators of marine ecosystem change (Springer et al. 2007), these species have been the target of monitoring efforts since the 1960s using a variety of methods (see Renner et al. 2006 for summary).”
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“…chalcogrammus Pallas, and possibly Pacific sandlance—Ammodytes hexapterus Pallas) that serve as primary prey for alcids and other seabirds (e.g., Springer et al., 2007; see also Galaktionov, 1995 for discussion of helminth faunas and ecological dynamics for fishes and zooplankton in the…”
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“…northern fur seals from the Pribilof Islands, adding to the body of literature investigating the factors driving diet variation of marine central-place foragers in the eastern Bering Sea (Springer et al. 2007; Sinclair et al. 2008; Renner et al. 2012; Paredes et al. 2014; Will and Kitaysky 2018).”
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- Authors
- Springer, A., Byrd, G., & Iverson, S.
- Affiliations
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service (US)
- Venue
- Marine Ecology Progress Series
- Publisher
- Inter-Research Science Center
- Published
- 2007-12-20
- Volume
- 352
- Pages
- 289-297
- ISSN
- 0171-8630 (ISSN-L)
- 1616-1599
- OpenAlex
- W1992325531
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Marine Ecology Progress Series (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Department of Water Resources
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
- North Pacific Research Board
- National Marine Fisheries Service
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Marine and fisheries research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Marine animal studies overview
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Avian ecology and behavior
- Keywords
- least auklet, zooplankton community structure, Neocalanus, Calanus marshallae, prey availability, fatty acid analysis, diet, continental shelf, Pribilof Islands
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