Life on the margin: implications of ocean acidification on Mg-calcite, high latitude and cold-water marine calcifiers
Open accessAbstract
Future anthropogenic emissions of CO 2 and the resulting ocean acidification may have severe consequences for marine calcifying organisms and ecosystems.Marine calcifiers depositing calcitic hard parts that contain significant concentrations of magnesium, i.e.Mg-calcite, and calcifying organisms living in high latitude and/or cold-water environments are at immediate risk to ocean acidification and decreasing seawater carbonate saturation because they are currently immersed in seawater that is just slightly supersaturated with respect to the carbonate phases they secrete.Under the present rate of CO 2 emissions, model calculations show that high latitude ocean waters could reach undersaturation with respect to aragonite in just a few decades.Thus, before this happens these waters will be undersaturated with respect to Mg-calcite minerals of higher solubility than that of aragonite.Similarly, tropical surface seawater could become undersaturated with respect to Mgcalcite minerals containing ≥12 mole percent (mol%) MgCO 3 during this century.As a result of these changes in surface seawater chemistry and further penetration of anthropogenic CO 2 into the ocean interior, we suggest that (1) the magnesium content of calcitic hard parts will decrease in many ocean environments, (2) the relative proportion of calcifiers depositing stable carbonate minerals, such as calcite and low Mg-calcite, will increase and (3) the average magnesium content of carbonate sediments will decrease.Furthermore, the highest latitude and deepest depth at which cold-water corals and other calcifiers currently exist will move towards lower latitudes and shallower depth, respectively.These changes suggest that anthropogenic emissions of CO 2 may be currently pushing the oceans towards an episode characteristic of a 'calcite sea.'
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The cell walls of CCA are heavily calcified with high-magnesium calcite, which is more soluble than other forms of calcium carbonate at low pH.
“The cell walls of CCA are heavily calcified with high-magnesium calcite78, which is more soluble than other forms of calcium carbonate at low pH7.”
From In situ changes of tropical crustose coralline algae along carbon dioxide gradients (2015) · cites this paper as [7]
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- Authors
- Andersson, A., Mackenzie, F., & Bates, N.
- Affiliations
- Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BM)
- University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
- Corresponding author
- Andersson, AJ
- Venue
- Marine Ecology Progress Series
- Publisher
- Inter-Research Science Center
- Published
- 2008-12-23
- Volume
- 373
- Pages
- 265-273
- ISSN
- 0171-8630 (ISSN-L)
- 1616-1599
- OpenAlex
- W2038746245
- Cited by
- 375
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 10.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Marine Ecology Progress Series (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0439051, 0223509)
- Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Keywords
- ocean acidification, Mg-calcite, marine calcifiers, carbonate saturation state, aragonite undersaturation, cold-water corals, anthropogenic CO2 emissions, carbonate sediments, calcite seas
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