Cited by 106Coral and Marine Ecosystems StudiesMarine Plankton and BiogeochemistryCoastal and Marine Dynamics

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Penetration of solar UVB radiation in shallow tropical waters and its potential biological effects on coral reefs; results from the central Indian Ocean and Andaman Sea

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Dunne, RP, Brown, BE·1996·Marine Ecology Progress Series

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Abstract

This paper presents the first complete data of global downwelling irradiance (Ed) and the diffuse attenuation coefficient (K,,) for solar ultraviolet-B (UVB; 280 to 320 nm) in tropical waters.The penetration of solar UVB into shallow (0 to 5 m) seawater a t 3 sites in the central Indian Ocean and Andaman Sea, adjacent to areas of coral reefs. 1 t .d ~ studied using a semi-submersible scanning spectroradiometer.Downwelling global spectral irradiance (E,) w ~i s measured at 2 nm intervals over the wavebands 280-320 nm (UVB), 320-400 nm (U\-:\) and 400-700 n m (PAR) above the sea surface (O* m) and at each of 5 depths (1, 2, 3. 4, and 5 m).The 3 sltes consisted of a n ocean atoll in the Maldives (central Indian Ocean), a small (8 km') high island 11 km off the continental coastline at Phuket, Thailand (Andaman Sea), and a n inshore reef at Phuket.E, at each of the depths was integrated over the wavebands as a percentage of the above-watcr irradiance.E,(UVB) at 5 m depth was found to decrease to 12"& of incident ~rradiancye at the mid-occan atoll, to 2 % for the high island site, and to 0.4 %) in the turbid waters of the inshore reef.A 1 'X, Ed(UVB) depth was computed for each site and found to be 11, 6, and 3 m respectively.The diffuse attenuation for downwelling irradiance (Kd) for the depth range 0-m (just below the surface) to 5 m showed a very rapid attenuation with decreasing ~vavelength in the UVB at all sites.Biological damage potential, as weighted by the DNA-damage action spectrum, showed a more rapid attenuation with depth than Ed(UVB), w ~t h a 1 % EDN, depth of 9 m for the ocean atoll, 4.7 m for the coastal island, and 2.6 m for the inshore reef.

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Background
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Beach, K. S., Borgeas, H., & Smith, C. M. (2006) · Phycologia · doi:10.2216/05-30.1 · Cited by 20
“…the world with absolute values upwards of 2300 mol quanta m 2 s 1 of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and highest global levels of ultraviolet-A radiation (UV-AR, 320–400 nm) and ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-BR, 280–320 nm) (Dunne & Brown 1996; Beach et al. 1997; Franklin & Forster 1997).”
Background
Underwater Light Characteristics of Turbid Coral Reefs of the Inner Central Great Barrier Reef
Jones, R. J., Pineda, M.-C., Luter, H. M., Fisher, R., Francis, D. S., Klonowski, W. M., & Slivkoff, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.727206 · Cited by 19
Photosynthetic responses of corals Mussismilia harttii (Verrill, 1867) from turbid waters to changes in temperature and presence/absence of light
Winter, A. P. M., Chaloub, R. M., Duarte, G., & Castro, C. B. (2016) · Ocean and Coastal Research · doi:10.1590/s1679-87592016080806403 · Cited by 19
Substrate type affects the abundance and size of a coral-reef sponge between depths
Duckworth, A. R. (2015) · Marine and Freshwater Research · doi:10.1071/mf14308 · Cited by 18
Biogeochemical niches and trophic plasticity of shallow and mesophotic corals recovering from mass bleaching
Radice, V. Z., Fry, B., Brown, K. T., Dove, S., & Hoegh‐Guldberg, O. (2022) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.1002/lno.12157 · Cited by 19
“A similar downwelling irradiance depth of 26 m (1% PAR) was also calculated using in situ shallow water PAR measurements (Dunne and Brown 1996).”
Method
Benthic diatoms in Arctic Seas - ecological functions and adaptions
Karsten, U., Schlie, C., Woelfel, J., & Becker, B. (2012) · Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung (Alfred-Wegener-Institut) · doi:10.2312/polarforschung.81.2.77 · Cited by 17
Spontaneous Biomimetic Formation of (±)‐Dictazole B under Irradiation with Artificial Sunlight
Skiredj, A., Beniddir, M. A., Joseph, D., Leblanc, K., Bernadat, G., Evanno, L., & Poupon, E. (2014) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.201403454 · Cited by 16
Vulnerability of reef-building corals on the Great Barrier Reef to climate change
Hoegh‐Guldberg, O., Anthony, K. R. N., Berkelmans, R., Dove, S., Fabricus, K., Lough, J., Marshall, P., van Oppen, M. J. H., Negri, A. P., & Willis, B. L. (2007) · Cited by 17
Do human activities influence survival and orientation abilities of larval fishes in the ocean?
Siebeck, U. E., O’Connor, J., BRAUN, C., & Leis, J. M. (2014) · Integrative Zoology · doi:10.1111/1749-4877.12096 · Cited by 16
The influence of sunlight on the localized corrosion of UNS S31600 in natural seawater
Eashwar, M., Subramanian, G., Palanichamy, S., & Rajagopal, G. (2011) · Biofouling · doi:10.1080/08927014.2011.604924 · Cited by 15
“Presuming about a 50% reduction of light at the sample depth of the natural immersion tests addressed in this work, based on attenuation data for the Indian Ocean by Dunne and Brown ( 1996 ), and a further one-tenth reduction from the measured Secchi factor, it could be approximated that the light intensity that reach…”
Field and mesocosm methods to test biodegradable plastic film under marine conditionsPreprint
Lott, C., Eich, A., Unger, B., Makarow, D., Battagliarin, G., Schlegel, K., Lasut, M. T., & Weber, M. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.928606 · Cited by 15
The Effects of UV Radiation on Chloroplast Clumping and Photosynthesis in the SeagrassHalophila stipulaceaGrown under High-PAR Conditions
Sharon, Y., Dishon, G., & Beer, S. (2011) · Journal of Marine Biology · doi:10.1155/2011/483428 · Cited by 14
“In addition to high photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400–700 nm), coastal waters, especially clear tropical waters, also feature high levels of ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 280–400 nm) in their upper layers ([14, 15] and this study).”
Background
Attenuation coefficients of ultraviolet and photosynthetically active wavelengths in the waters of Heron Reef, Great Barrier Reef, Australia
Michael, K. J., Veal, C. J., & Núñez, M. (2011) · Marine and Freshwater Research · doi:10.1071/mf11106 · Cited by 14
Response of the soft coral Heteroxenia fuscescens to ultraviolet radiation regimes as reflected by mycosporine-like amino acid biosynthesis
Ben-Yosef, D., Kashman, Y., & Benayahu, Y. (2006) · Marine Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0485.2006.00111.x · Cited by 13
The toxic cosmopolitan cyanobacteria Moorena producens: insights into distribution, ecophysiology and toxicity
Curren, E., Leaw, C. P., Lim, P. T., & Leong, S. C. Y. (2022) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-022-23096-4 · Cited by 13
“The surface waters of various tropical marine environments indicate that UV-B irradiations throughout the day are not greater than 4 W /m2 (Dunne and Brown 1996).”
Background
Monsoon variability of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) attenuation and bio-optical factors in the Asian tropical coral-reef waters
Mizubayashi, K., Kuwahara, V., Segaran, T., Zaleha, K., Effendy, A., Kushairi, M., & Toda, T. (2013) · Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science · doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2013.04.002 · Cited by 12
“Although a handful of field studies have measured UVR penetration in tropical coral ecosystems (Dunne and Brown, 1996; Banaszak et al., 1998; Lesser, 2000; Lesser et al., 2000; Otis et al., 2004; Zepp et al., 2008; Kuwahara et al., 2010), few have focused on the temporal variability of the optical interactions between…”
BackgroundInfluential
Differential utility of the Bacteroidales DNA and RNA markers in the tiered approach for microbial source tracking in subtropical seawater
Liu, R., Cheng, K. H. F., Wong, K., Cheng, S. C.-S., & Lau, S. C. K. (2015) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-015-6410-y · Cited by 12
“The intensities of UV-A and UV-B to the water surface of the microcosms were about 50 and 10 % of those in the solar radiation, respectively, approximating the intensities at 1.5– 5 m below the tropical sea surface (Dunne and Brown 1996).”
BackgroundInfluential
Photosynthetic carbon fixation by tropical coral reef phytoplankton assemblages: a UVR perspective
Li, G., Che, Z., & Gao, K. (2013) · ALGAE · doi:10.4490/algae.2013.28.3.281 · Cited by 11
Coral Skeletal Luminescence Records Changes in Terrestrial Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter in Tropical Coastal Waters
Kaushal, N., Sanwlani, N., Tanzil, J., Cherukuru, N., Sahar, S., Müller, M., Mujahid, A., Lee, J. N., Goodkin, N. F., & Martin, P. (2021) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2020gl092130 · Cited by 11
Impact of Solar UV-B on Tropical Ecosystems and Agriculture. Case Study: Effect of UV-B on Rice
Sharma, R. P. (2001) · Cited by 11
Can Acropora tenuis larvae attract native Symbiodiniaceae cells by green fluorescence at the initial establishment of symbiosis?
Yamashita, H., Koike, K., Shinzato, C., Jimbo, M., & Suzuki, G. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0252514 · Cited by 12
Prediction of solar irradiance using ray-tracing techniques for coral macro- and micro-habitats
Ong, R. H., King, A., Caley, M. J., & Mullins, B. J. (2018) · Marine Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.08.004 · Cited by 10
Ocean acidification does not prolong recovery of coral holobionts from natural thermal stress in two consecutive years
Dobson, K. L., Jury, C. P., Toonen, R. J., McLachlan, R. H., Williams, J. C., & Grottoli, A. G. (2024) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-024-01672-5 · Cited by 9
Synergistic Effect of Elevated Temperature and Light Stresses on Physiology of Pocillopora acuta from Different Environments
Sinutok, S., Chotikarn, P., Pattaratumrong, M. S., Moungkeaw, P., Pramneechote, P., & Yucharoen, M. (2022) · Journal of Marine Science and Engineering · doi:10.3390/jmse10060790 · Cited by 9
“Furthermore, PW coral facing an extreme environment in the long term might be able to adapt, and be more tolerant to heat stress and less susceptible to bleaching [59,60].”
Background
Climate Change, Ocean Chemistry, and the Evolution of Reefs Through Time
Jury, C. P., & Jokiel, P. L. (2016) · Coral reefs of the world · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-7567-0_9 · Cited by 9
The occurrence of blue-pigmented Pontella valida Dana, 1852 (Copepoda: Calanoida: Pontellidae) in the equatorial Indian Ocean
Venkataramana, V., Tripathy, S. C., & Anilkumar, N. P. (2017) · Journal of Crustacean Biology · doi:10.1093/jcbiol/rux037 · Cited by 8
The Significance of Ultraviolet Radiation for Aquatic Animals
Zagarese, H. E., Tartarotti, B., & Suárez, D. A. (2003) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0221-0_8 · Cited by 7
The blue advantage: a novel blue carotenoprotein pigment in the tropical seastar Linckia laevigata is an antioxidant defence against extreme environmental stress
Williams, S. T., Heyworth, S. M., Kano, Y., Roberts, N. W., Carter, H. F., & Cheney, K. L. (2025) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/s00227-025-04595-7 · Cited by 6
“Although damaging UV attenuates quickly in turbid or disturbed water, studies have shown that it is able to penetrate clear, calm oligotrophic waters commonly associated with coral reefs (Dunne and Brown 1996; Jeffrey et al. 1996; Tedetti et al. 2007).”
The use of remotely sensed solar radiation data in modelling susceptibility of coral reefs to environmental stress: Comment on Maina et al. [Ecol. Model. 212 (2008) 180–199]
Dunne, R. P. (2008) · Ecological Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.04.004 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Laboratory investigation of internal solitary waves breaking on reef-lagoon systems
Wang, Y., Yuan, Y., Lin, Y., & Song, J. (2025) · Physics of Fluids · doi:10.1063/5.0272471 · Cited by 5
Seasonal Variations in the Subsurface Ultraviolet‐B on an Inshore Pacific Coral Reef Ecosystem
Downs, N. J., Schouten, P. W., & Parisi, A. V. (2013) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/php.12101 · Cited by 5
“Dunne and Brown (13) measured the absorption of UV and PAR on an ocean atoll, an island off the continental coast and an inshore reef showing the penetration of UVB at a depth of 5 m decreases rapidly from 12% to 0.4% of the surface UVB irradiance from the atoll to the inshore reef location.”
BackgroundInfluential
Phenotypic and Genetic Diversity in the Sea Urchin Lytechinus Variegatus
Wise, M. (2011) · DukeSpace (Duke University) · Cited by 4
System vicarious calibration and ocean color retrieval from the HY-1C UVI
Wang, J., Chen, S., Hu, S., Deng, L., Ma, C., Peng, H., & Song, Q. (2025) · International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation · doi:10.1016/j.jag.2025.104417 · Cited by 3
Spatiotemporal variability in bio-optical characteristics of the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean during boreal summer: Biophysical influences
Pandi, S. R., Tripathy, S. C., Parida, C., Lotliker, A. A., Naik, R. C., Naik, R. K., Mishra, R. K., & Anilkumar, N. P. (2022) · Progress In Oceanography · doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2022.102883 · Cited by 3
Chemical films and monolayers on the water surface and their interactions with ultraviolet radiation: a pilot investigation
Schouten, P. W., Lemckert, C., Turnbull, D., Parisi, A. V., Downs, N. J., Underhill, I. D., & Turner, G. (2011) · Measurement Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/0957-0233/22/6/065703 · Cited by 3
Ultraviolet B radiation impairs coral reef fish development
Downie, A. T., Hird, C., Cramp, R. L., Cortesi, F., & Franklin, C. E. (2025) · Biology Open · doi:10.1242/bio.062107 · Cited by 3
Photosynthetic response of Scandinavian kelp forests to stratospheric ozone depletion
Miller, H. L. (2002) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library) · Cited by 2
When depth fails to prevent bleaching but limits coral death: insights from the 2019 heatwave in Mo’orea
Boitel, C., Lacube, Y., Mercière, A., Dubé, C., Siu, G., & Hédouin, L. (2026) · Coral Reefs · doi:10.1007/s00338-026-02839-6 · Cited by 1
“At this depth, UV radiation were probably already strongly attenuated (Dunne and Brown 1996; Kuwahara et al. 2010; Downs et al. 2013b), suggesting depth-related refuge within our study range primarily reflected reductions in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR).”
The Linoleic-to-Linolenic Dietary Intake Ratio: The Fundamental Implications of Imbalance and Excess Looked at from Both a Functional and an Evolutionary Perspective: An Overview
Brown, R. A. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-40458-5_27 · Cited by 1
Passive dosimeters for measurement of ultraviolet radiation in aquatic environments
Sinclair, C., Richmond, R., Knobbe, E., Basslear, C., & Ostrander, G. (2005) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780203501597.ch29 · Cited by 1

Authors: Dunne, R., & Brown, B.
Affiliations: Newcastle University (GB)
Venue: Marine Ecology Progress Series
Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
Published: 1996
Volume: 144
Pages: 109-118
ISSN: 0171-8630 (ISSN-L)
1616-1599
DOI: 10.3354/meps144109
OpenAlex: W1999428677
Cited by: 105
References: 15
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 2.72
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Marine Ecology Progress Series (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine Plankton and Biogeochemistry
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Earth-Surface Processes › Coastal and Marine Dynamics
Keywords: diffuse attenuation coefficient, downwelling irradiance, coral reefs, DNA damage, action spectrum, coral bleaching, Central Indian Ocean, Andaman Sea, Phuket, turbidity

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Penetration of solar UVB radiation in shallow tropical waters and its potential biological effects on coral reefs; results from the central Indian Ocean and Andaman Sea

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