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Cited by 354

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Rule of Law, Democracy, Openness, and Income: Estimating the Interrelationships

Open access
Rigobon, Roberto, Rodrik, Dani·2004·National Bureau of Economic Research

Abstract

We estimate the interrelationships among economic institutions, political institutions, openness, and income levels, using identification through heteroskedasticity (IH).We split our cross-national dataset into two sub-samples: (i) colonies versus non-colonies; and (ii) continents aligned on an East-West versus those aligned on a North-South axis.We exploit the difference in the structural variances in these two sub-samples to gain identification.We find that democracy and the rule of law are both good for economic performance, but the latter has a much stronger impact on incomes.Openness (trade/GDP) has a negative impact on income levels and democracy, but a positive effect on rule of law.Higher income produces greater openness and better institutions, but these effects are not very strong.Rule of law and democracy tend to be mutually reinforcing.

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Metadata

Authors
Rigobon, R., & Rodrik, D.
Venue
National Bureau of Economic Research
Published
2004-09
OpenAlex
W3021827133
Cited by
354
References
2
Type
report
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Rule of Law, Democracy, Openness, and Income: Estimating the Interrelationships. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3386/w10750
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Rigobon, R., & Rodrik, D. (2004). Rule of Law, Democracy, Openness, and Income: Estimating the Interrelationships. National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w10750

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