The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Instruments of development: Randomization in the tropics, and the search for the elusive keys to economic development
Open accessAbstract
Eric Verhoogen and especially Esther Duflo
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Randomized, Controlled Trials, Observational Studies, and the Hierarchy of Research Designs
Concato, J., Shah, N., & Horwitz, R. I. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200006223422507 · Cited by 3,563
Economic Shocks and Civil Conflict: An Instrumental Variables Approach
Miguel, E., Satyanath, S., & Sergenti, E. (2004) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/421174 · Cited by 2,460
On regression adjustments to experimental data
Freedman, D. A. (2008) · Advances in Applied Mathematics · doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.12.003 · Cited by 417
Cited by
Covariate Balancing Propensity Score
Imai, K., & Ratkovic, M. (2014) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/rssb.12027 · Cited by 1,315
In Pursuit of Balance: Randomization in Practice in Development Field Experiments
Bruhn, M., & McKenzie, D. (2009) · American Economic Journal: Applied Economics · doi:10.1257/app.1.4.200 · Cited by 788
Impact of SMS-Based Agricultural Information on Indian Farmers
Fafchamps, M., & Minten, B. (2012) · The World Bank Economic Review · doi:10.1093/wber/lhr056 · Cited by 423
Experimental Designs for Identifying Causal Mechanisms
Imai, K., Tingley, D., & Yamamoto, T. (2013) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A: Statistics in Society · doi:10.1111/j.1467-985x.2012.01032.x · Cited by 408
A Multigenerational View of Inequality
Mare, R. D. (2011) · Demography · doi:10.1007/s13524-011-0014-7 · Cited by 410
Metadata
- Authors
- Deaton, A.
- Venue
- National Bureau of Economic Research
- Publisher
- National Bureau of Economic Research
- Published
- 2009-01
- OpenAlex
- W1665228730
- Cited by
- 454
- References
- 3
- Type
- report
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Instruments of development: Randomization in the tropics, and the search for the elusive keys to economic development. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3386/w14690
- The paper
- Deaton, A. (2009). Instruments of development: Randomization in the tropics, and the search for the elusive keys to economic development. National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w14690
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.