A Multigenerational View of Inequality
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The study of intergenerational mobility and most population research are governed by a two-generation (parent-to-offspring) view of intergenerational influence, to the neglect of the effects of grandparents and other ancestors and nonresident contemporary kin. While appropriate for some populations in some periods, this perspective may omit important sources of intergenerational continuity of family-based social inequality. Social institutions, which transcend individual lives, help support multigenerational influence, particularly at the extreme top and bottom of the social hierarchy, but to some extent in the middle as well. Multigenerational influence also works through demographic processes because families influence subsequent generations through differential fertility and survival, migration, and marriage patterns, as well as through direct transmission of socioeconomic rewards, statuses, and positions. Future research should attend more closely to multigenerational effects; to the tandem nature of demographic and socioeconomic reproduction; and to data, measures, and models that transcend coresident nuclear families.
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A second, contrasting interpretation is that grandparents or extended family may have an independent causal effect on child education, over and above their indirect influence via the parent generation.
“A second, contrasting interpretation is that grandparents or extended family may have an independent causal effect on child education, over and above their indirect influence via the parent generation (Mare 2011).”
From Educational Inequality* (2022) · cites this paper as Mare 2011
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- Authors
- Mare, R. D.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mare, Robert D.
- Venue
- Demography
- Publisher
- Duke University Press
- Published
- 2011-01-27
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-23
- ISSN
- 0070-3370 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-7790
- PMC
- PMC3059821
- OpenAlex
- W2072499721
- Cited by
- 410
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 61.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Demography (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- California Center for Population Research, University of California, Los Angeles
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Cultural Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
- Keywords
- intergenerational mobility, social inequality, grandparents, social institutions, population reproduction, socioeconomic reproduction, fertility differentials, migration, marriage patterns, intergenerational transmission, nuclear family
- MeSH terms
- Birth Rate, Educational Status, Family Characteristics, Female, Humans, Male, Markov Chains, Population Dynamics, Social Isolation, Social Mobility, Socioeconomic Factors, Women's Rights, Intergenerational Relations
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