The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
I Just Ran Four Million Regressions
Open accessAbstract
In this paper I try to move away from the Extreme Bounds method of identifying" Instead of analyzing the" extreme bounds of the estimates of the coefficient of a particular variable distribution. My claim in this paper is that, if we do this, the picture emerging from the" empirical growth literature is not the pessimistic Robust" that we get with the" extreme bound analysis. Instead, we find that a substantial number of variables can be found" to be strongly related to growth.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Extreme bounds analysis (EBA) has been used in a wide variety of contexts to evaluate factors driving a number of political and economic outcomes”
From Correlates of Voter Turnout (2023) · cites this paper as Sala-i-Martin, 1997
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“To determine robust turnout predictors, we used the two most common EBA decision criteria proposed by Leamer (1983) and Sala-i-Martin (1997)”
From Correlates of Voter Turnout (2023) · cites this paper as Sala-i-Martin (1997)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Sala-i-Martin (1997) finds Leamer's standard to be overly restrictive in most cases”
From Correlates of Voter Turnout (2023) · cites this paper as Sala-i-Martin (1997)
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Sala-i-Martin (1997) proposes to look at the entire distribution of coefficients and conclude a variable is robustly related to the outcome variable when a large percentage-say 90-95%-of the coefficient's distribution is either above or below zero.”
From Correlates of Voter Turnout (2023) · cites this paper as Sala-i-Martin (1997)
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Economic Growth in a Cross Section of Countries
Barro, R. J. (1991) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/2937943 · Cited by 9,449
Economic Growth in a Cross Section of Countries
Barro, R. J. (1989) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w3120 · Cited by 8,483
(1991) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 6,037
INSTITUTIONS AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE: CROSS‐COUNTRY TESTS USING ALTERNATIVE INSTITUTIONAL MEASURES
Knack, S., & Keefer, P. E. (1995) · Economics and Politics · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0343.1995.tb00111.x · Cited by 5,160
Economic Reform and the Process of Global Integration
Sachs, J. D., Warner, A., Aslund, A., & Fischer, S. (1995) · Brookings Papers on Economic Activity · doi:10.2307/2534573 · Cited by 4,950
Natural Resource Abundance and Economic Growth
Sachs, J., & Warner, A. (1995) · doi:10.3386/w5398 · Cited by 4,461
Finance, entrepreneurship and growth
King, R. G., & Levine, R. (1993) · Journal of Monetary Economics · doi:10.1016/0304-3932(93)90028-e · Cited by 3,550
International comparisons of educational attainment
Barro, R. J., & Lee, J. (1993) · Journal of Monetary Economics · doi:10.1016/0304-3932(93)90023-9 · Cited by 1,897
Equipment Investment and Economic Growth
Long, J. B. D., & Summers, L. H. (1990) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/2937944 · Cited by 1,715
Cycling to School: Increasing Secondary School Enrollment for Girls in India
Muralidharan, K., & Prakash, N. (2013) · Social Science Research Network · doi:10.3386/w19305 · Cited by 409
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Leamer, Edward E. (1983). "Let's take the con out of econometrics", American Economic Review, 73, 3, (March), 31-43
- Leamer, Edward E. (1985). "Sensitivity Analysis Would Help", American Economic Review, 75, 5, (June), 31-43
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The curse of natural resources
Sachs, J. D., & Warner, A. M. (2001) · European Economic Review · doi:10.1016/s0014-2921(01)00125-8 · Cited by 4,409
Does globalization affect growth? Evidence from a new index of globalization
Dreher, A. (2006) · Applied Economics · doi:10.1080/00036840500392078 · Cited by 3,251
I Just Ran Two Million Regressions
Sala-i-Martín, X. (1997) · American Economic Review · Cited by 2,325
Determinants of Long-Term Growth: A Bayesian Averaging of Classical Estimates (BACE) Approach
Sala-i-Martín, X., Doppelhofer, G., & Miller, R. I. (2004) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/0002828042002570 · Cited by 2,113
Bils, M., & Klenow, P. J. (2000) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.90.5.1160 · Cited by 1,808
Metadata
- Authors
- Sala-i-Martin, X.
- Venue
- National Bureau of Economic Research
- Publisher
- National Bureau of Economic Research
- Published
- 1997-11
- OpenAlex
- W1913804012
- Cited by
- 960
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 51 · 2012: 47
- Type
- report
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- National Bureau of Economic Research (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Repositori digital de la UPF (Universitat Pompeu Fabra) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- National Bureau of Economic Research (submittedVersion)
- RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economic Growth and Productivity
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economic Growth and Development
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › General Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Monetary Policy and Economic Impact
- Keywords
- economic growth determinants, growth regressions, growth determinants
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review