Enhancing bioactivity of hydroxyapatite scaffolds using fibrous type I collagen
Open accessAbstract
In the field of bone tissue regeneration, the development of osteoconductive and osteoinductive scaffolds is an open challenge. The purpose of this work was the design and characterization of composite structures made of hydroxyapatite scaffold impregnated with a collagen slurry in order to mimic the bone tissue structure. The effect of magnesium and silicon ions enhancing both mechanical and biological properties of partially substituted hydroxyapatite were evaluated and compared with that of pure hydroxyapatite. The use of an innovative freeze-drying approach was developed, in which composite scaffolds were immersed in cold water, frozen and then lyophilized, thereby creating an open-pore structure, an essential feature for tissue regeneration. The mechanical stability of bone scaffolds is very important in the first weeks of slow bone regeneration process. Therefore, the biodegradation behavior of 3D scaffolds was evaluated by incubating them for different periods of time in Tris-HCl buffer. The microstructure observation, the weight loss measurements and mechanical stability up to 28 days of incubation (particularly for HA-Mg_Coll scaffolds), revealed moderate weight loss and mechanical performances reduction due to collagen dissolution. At the same time, the presence of collagen helps to protect the ceramic structure until it degrades. These results, combined with MTT tests, confirm that HA-Mg_Coll scaffolds may be the suitable candidate for bone remodeling.
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Rapid degradation of the scaffold leads to incomplete regeneration of bone, resulting in failure of the scaffold.
“lethargic degradation of the scaffold may induce an immune response whereas rapid degradation leads to incomplete regeneration of the bone resulting in failure of the scaffold [121].”
From Nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen composite as scaffold material for bone regeneration. (2023) · cites this paper as [121]
In Results and Discussion, under “Evaluation of Scaffolds Stability” (page not provided), the paper says degradation must keep pace with bone regeneration and that an excessively high rate prevents the scaffold from providing mechanical support for new tissue. It does not state that rapid degradation causes incomplete bone regeneration or scaffold failure. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredLethargic degradation of the scaffold may induce an immune response.
“lethargic degradation of the scaffold may induce an immune response whereas rapid degradation leads to incomplete regeneration of the bone resulting in failure of the scaffold [121].”
From Nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen composite as scaffold material for bone regeneration. (2023) · cites this paper as [121]
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References 41 · Cited by 35
- Authors
- Nitti, P., Kunjalukkal Padmanabhan, S., Cortazzi, S., Stanca, E., Siculella, L., Licciulli, A., & Demitri, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Salento (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Nitti, Paola
- Venue
- Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2021-02-04
- Volume
- 9
- Pages
- 631177-631177
- ISSN
- 2296-4185 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7890361
- OpenAlex
- W3127128716
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5
- FWCI
- 2.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- AIRUS (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca
- Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Surface Treatment and Coatings
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
- Keywords
- hydroxyapatite scaffolds, type I collagen, bone tissue engineering, magnesium substitution, silicon substitution, freeze-drying, open pore structure, biodegradation, mechanical stability, osteoconduction, osteoinduction, bone remodeling
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