Issues and challenges of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalysts
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Depletion of oil and gas resources is a major concern for researchers and the global community. Researchers are trying to develop a way to overcome these issues using the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) process. The FTS reaction converts a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases into a liquid fuel. The reactions are performed in the reactor and in the presence of a catalyst. A series of catalysts, such as iron, cobalt, nickel, and ruthenium, have been used for the FTS process. In iron-based catalysts, the Fe 5 C phase is the active phase that produces C 5+ hydrocarbons. At higher conversion rates, the presence of water in the products is a problem for cobalt catalysts because it can trigger catalyst deactivation mechanisms. Ni-based catalysts play key roles as base catalysts, promoters, and photothermal catalysts in FTS reactions to produce different useful hydrocarbons. Ruthenium catalysts offer not only high activity but also selectivity toward long-chain hydrocarbons. Moreover, depending on the Ru particle size and interaction with the oxide support, the catalyst properties can be tuned to enhance the catalytic activity during FTS. The detailed reaction pathways based on catalyst properties are explained in this article. This review article describes the issues and challenges associated with catalysts used for the FTS process.
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Upgraded syngas can be catalytically converted into liquid hydrocarbon fuels, resembling gasoline and diesel, via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
“A prominent application for upgraded syngas is its catalytic conversion into liquid hydrocarbon fuels, resembling gasoline and diesel, via the F-T synthesis [147,148].”
From Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [148]
The Introduction says Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalytically converts syngas into hydrocarbons, and section 3 reports liquid products from syngas. Section 5.1 mentions gasoline-type fuels, but the copy does not establish the diesel comparison or specifically discuss upgraded syngas as the feedstock. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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- Authors
- Amin, M., Usman, M., Kella, T., Khan, W. U., Khan, I. A., & Hoon Lee, K.
- Affiliations
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (SA)
- King Abdulaziz University (SA)
- Venue
- Frontiers in Chemistry
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2024-09-11
- Volume
- 12
- Pages
- 1462503-1462503
- ISSN
- 2296-2646 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11422086
- OpenAlex
- W4402451789
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 104
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 3
- FWCI
- 1.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Environment
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Ministry of Education, India
- Korea Environmental Industry and Technology Institute (RS-2024-00335526)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Catalysis › Catalysts for Methane Reforming
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts
- Keywords
- Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, catalysts, iron catalysts, cobalt catalysts, nickel catalysts, ruthenium catalysts, liquid fuels, hydrocarbon selectivity, reaction pathways, oxide supports, photothermal catalysis, basic catalysts
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