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Generative AI and education: dynamic personalization of pupils’ school learning material with ChatGPT
Open accessAbstract
The widespread use of generative AI tools like ChatGPT has seen significant growth. This rise prompted discussions on integrating these technologies into school education. However, the practical implementation, testing, and assessment of generative AI in primary and secondary education remained largely unexplored. This article examines the application of ChatGPT-3.5 and 4 in primary school education. A study involving 110 students aged 8–14 across grades 4–6 in two Uruguayan schools was conducted. The focus was on using generative AI for dynamic personalization of educational content during classroom lessons. In these sessions, instructional content followed the curriculum goals, and text, illustrations, and exercises were generated and dynamically adjusted based on generative AI. The findings indicate that generative AI effectively tailors school materials to match varying pupil knowledge levels. Real-time adjustments during lessons cater to individual learning needs, enhancing cognitive ergonomics. This approach not only boosts pupil motivation but also improves their performance, facilitating more effective achievement of the curriculum’s learning objectives. These results suggest a promising avenue for leveraging generative AI to personalize and optimize primary school education.
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“Some studies also integrate social-emotional and interdisciplinary tasks, where AI provides focused evaluations and follow-up recommendations that help students refine learning strategies and strengthen self-regulation [121,129,151].”
From A Systematic Review of Generative AI in K–12: Mapping Goals, Activities, Roles, and Outcomes via the 3P Model (2025) · cites this paper as [151]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Jauhiainen, J. S., & Garagorry Guerra, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Turku (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Jauhiainen, Jussi S.
- ORCID
- Jauhiainen, Jussi S.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Education
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2024-11-19
- Volume
- 9
- ISSN
- 2504-284X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4404509460
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 54 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 1
- FWCI
- 32.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Education (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- UTUPub (University of Turku) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Turun Yliopisto
- Business Finland
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Artificial Intelligence in Education
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Keywords
- generative AI in education, ChatGPT, personalized learning, primary education, ChatGPT-4, student motivation, student performance, cognitive ergonomics, curriculum-based instruction, AI-generated educational content
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