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Cited by 44Urban Stormwater Management SolutionsLand Use and Ecosystem ServicesUrban Planning and Landscape Design

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The ecology and evolution of constructed ecosystems as green infrastructure

Open access
Lundholm, Jeremy T.·2015·Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
DOI 10.3389/fevo.2015.00106
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Abstract

Green infrastructure consists of ecosystems that provide valuable services to urban areas. Constructed ecosystems, including green roofs, bioretention systems, constructed wetlands and bioreactors are artificial, custom-built components of green infrastructure that are becoming more common in cities. Small size, strong spatial boundaries, ecological novelty and the role of human design characterize all constructed ecosystems, influencing their functions and interactions with other urban ecosystems. Here I outline the relevance of ecology and evolution in understanding the functioning of constructed ecosystems. In turn, a research focus on the distinctive aspects of constructed ecosystems can contribute to fundamental science.

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Crossref · 10.3389/fevo.2015.00106

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FIGURE 1 | Google Scholar search hits for terms related to green infrastructure and constructed ecosystems for 5 year intervals.
FIGURE 1 | Google Scholar search hits for terms related to green infrastructure and constructed ecosystems for 5 year intervals.CC-BY · From the PDF
FIGURE 2 | Examples of constructed ecosystems. (A) outdoor living wall; (B) indoor living wall; (C) intensive (deep growing medium) green roof; (D) extensive (shallow growing medium) green roof; (E) container gardens; (F) bioswale.
FIGURE 2 | Examples of constructed ecosystems. (A) outdoor living wall; (B) indoor living wall; (C) intensive (deep growing medium) green roof; (D) extensive (shallow growing medium) green roof; (E) container gardens; (F) bioswale.CC-BY · From the PDF

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Research works printed but not linked: 68

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Metadata

Authors
Lundholm, J. T.
Affiliations
Saint Mary's University (CA)
Corresponding author
Lundholm, Jeremy T.
ORCID
Lundholm, Jeremy T.
Venue
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2015-09-08
Volume
3
ISSN
2296-701X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fevo.2015.00106
OpenAlex
W2109915256
Cited by
44
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2
FWCI
1.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Saint Mary's University Institutional Repository (Saint Mary's University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (311788-2010)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Urban Stormwater Management Solutions
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Land Use and Ecosystem Services
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Urban Planning and Landscape Design
Keywords
green infrastructure, urban ecosystems, green roofs, bioretention systems, constructed wetlands, bioreactors, ecological novelty, urban ecosystem services, ecosystem functioning

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The ecology and evolution of constructed ecosystems as green infrastructure. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3389/fevo.2015.00106
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Lundholm, J. T. (2015). The ecology and evolution of constructed ecosystems as green infrastructure. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2015.00106