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Cited by 32Animal Behavior and ReproductionEvolutionary Psychology and Human BehaviorEvolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation

Intersexual Resource Competition and the Evolution of Sex-Biased Dispersal

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Li, Xiang-Yi, Kokko, Hanna·2019·Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
DOI 10.3389/fevo.2019.00111
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Abstract

Resource competition is a major driver of dispersal: an emigrating individual leaves more resources to its kin. Existing models of sex-biased dispersal rarely consider intersexual competition for resources. Instead, male reproductive success is often solely assumed to depend on female availability, implying a tacit assumption that male presence never depletes resources, such as food, that are of interest to female kin. In reality, both male and female offspring typically consume resources on their natal site before departing to consume resources elsewhere, and sexually dimorphic body sizes imply that the resource needs can differ. The goal of our study is to investigate how intersexual competition for resources can affect the evolution of sex-specific dispersal, via competition between kin of the same sex or different sexes and the subsequent success elsewhere. Our individual-based simulation model allows not only the dispersal probability but also its timing to evolve. We consider dispersal timing because later dispersal yields a longer period of kin competition than dispersal that occurs soon after independence. We also highlight the role of sex-specific income/capital breeding strategies, which is understudied in both empirical and theoretical literature of sex-specific dispersal. We show that sex biases in dispersal probability and timing are sensitive to the presence of intersexual competition, sexual differences in capital vs. income breeding strategies, and sexual dimorphism in the quantity of resources consumed. Males may evolve to disperse earlier if they also consume more food, as a result of selection to reduce intersexual kin competition. Alternatively, males may evolve to disperse less as well as later than females, if male fitness depends more on resource accumulation (e.g. building a large body to succeed in mating competition under polygyny) whereas female fitness depends more on reliable income (e.g. in species that require extended periods of maternal foraging), even if both sexes are equally competitive in consuming resources. Although the more dispersive sex is often the earlier departing sex, we also find cases where the only clear dimorphism is found in dispersal timing. We thus encourage more studies on the timing aspect of sex-biased dispersal.

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  • In the wild, individuals of many social species disperse from their natal group to find and select a mate in a different group or live solitary with overlapping territories.

    “In the wild, individuals of many social species will disperse from their natal group to find and select a mate in a different group or live a solitary life where their territory may overlap with those of potential mates [29].”

    From The Concept of Agency, Animal Wellbeing, and the Practical Realities of Ex Situ Breeding Programs in Zoos and Aquariums (2024) · cites this paper as [29]

    The Introduction (page unavailable) describes offspring leaving their natal site, and the Methods (page unavailable) model dispersal between sites where individuals compete for breeding positions and mate. The paper does not establish the claim about many social species in the wild, mate selection in a different group, or solitary individuals whose territories overlap with potential mates. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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Authors
Li, X.-Y., & Kokko, H.
Affiliations
University of Zurich (CH)
ORCID
Kokko, Hanna
Venue
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2019-04-09
Volume
7
ISSN
2296-701X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fevo.2019.00111
OpenAlex
W2935832692
Cited by
32
References
70
Citations by year
2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2013: 1
FWCI
3.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • KOPS (University of Konstanz) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
Funders
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (163374, 180145)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
Keywords
sex-biased dispersal, kin competition, dispersal timing, capital breeding, income breeding, sexual dimorphism, agent-based modeling, dispersal evolution, polygyny

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