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Marginal Zone B-Cells, a Gatekeeper of Innate Immunity
Open accessAbstract
To maintain the integrity of an organism constantly challenged by pathogens, the immune system is endowed with a variety of cell types. B lymphocytes were initially thought to only play a role in the adaptive branch of immunity. However, a number of converging observations revealed that two B-cell subsets, marginal zone (MZ) and B1 cells, exhibit unique developmental and functional characteristics, and can contribute to innate immune responses. In addition to their capacity to mount a local antibody response against type-2 T-cell-independent (TI-2) antigens, MZ B-cells can participate to T-cell-dependent (TD) immune responses through the capture and import of blood-borne antigens to follicular areas of the spleen. Here, we discuss the multiple roles of MZ B-cells in humans, non-human primates, and rodents. We also summarize studies - performed in transgenic mice expressing fully human antibodies on their B-cells and in macaques whose infection with Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) represents a suitable model for HIV-1 infection in humans - showing that infectious agents have developed strategies to subvert MZ B-cell functions. In these two experimental models, we observed that two microbial superantigens for B-cells (protein A from Staphylococcus aureus and protein L from Peptostreptococcus magnus) as well as inactivated AT-2 virions of HIV-1 and infectious SIV preferentially deplete innate-like B-cells - MZ B-cells and/or B1 B-cells - with different consequences on TI and TD antibody responses. These data revealed that viruses and bacteria have developed strategies to deplete innate-like B-cells during the acute phase of infection and to impair the antibody response. Unraveling the intimate mechanisms responsible for targeting MZ B-cells in humans will be important for understanding disease pathogenesis and for designing novel vaccine strategies.
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“Upon migration to the spleen, transitional B cells differentiate into two subsets of B2 B cells: follicular (e.g. naïve) B cells and marginal zone B cells (MZB).”
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“MZB cells, located in the spleen's marginal zone, are the first responders to blood-borne infectious agents due to their strategic loca tion [51].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zouali, M., & Richard, Y.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- Université Paris Descartes (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Zouali, Moncef
- Venue
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2011
- Volume
- 2
- Pages
- 63-63
- ISSN
- 1664-3224 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3341996
- OpenAlex
- W2035855342
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Frontiers in Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Styrelsen för Internationellt Utvecklingssamarbete
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Keywords
- marginal zone B cells, B-1 cells, innate immunity, T cell-independent antibody response, T cell-dependent antibody response, superantigens, protein A, protein L, HIV-1, simian immunodeficiency virus, B-cell depletion, vaccination strategies
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