Cited by 222Reproductive System and PregnancyGrowth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth FactorsT-cell and B-cell Immunology

Prolactin and autoimmunity

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Borba, Vânia Vieira, Zandman-Goddard, Gisele, Shoenfeld, Yehuda·2018·Frontiers in Immunology

Abstract

The great asymmetry of autoimmune diseases between genders represents one of the most enigmatic observations among the mosaic of autoimmunity. Sex hormones are believed to play a crucial role on this dimorphism. The higher prevalence of autoimmunity among women at childbearing ages, disease onset/relapses during pregnancy, and post-partum are some of the arguments that support this hypothesis. Certainly, motherhood represents one of the most remarkable challenges for the immune system, which not only has to allow for the conceptus, but also has to deal with complex endocrine alterations. Hormonal homeostasis is known to exert a crucial influence in achieving a competent and healthy immune system. Prolactin (PRL) has a bioactive function acting as a hormone and a cytokine. It interferes with immune system modulation, mainly inhibiting the negative selection of autoreactive B lymphocytes. Likewise, hyperprolactinemia has been described in relation to the pathogenesis and activity of several autoimmune disorders. Dopamine is an effective inhibitor of PRL secretion due to either a direct influence on the hypophysis or stimulation of postsynaptic dopamine receptors in the hypothalamus, arousing the release of the PRL inhibitory factor. Hence, dopamine agonists have proven to offer clinical benefits among autoimmune patients and represent a promising therapy to be explored. In this review, we attempt to provide a critical overview of the link between PRL, autoimmune diseases, and motherhood.

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  1. [41]Matera L Buttiglieri S Moro F Geuna M Effect of prolactin on natural killer and MHC-restricted cytotoxic cells. In: Matera L Rapaport R, editors. NeuroImmune Biology. (Vol. 2), London: Elsevier (2002). p. 205– 18.

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Authors
Borba, V. V., Zandman-Goddard, G., & Shoenfeld, Y.
Affiliations
  • Sheba Medical Center (IL)
  • Tel Aviv University (IL)
Corresponding author
Shoenfeld, Yehuda
Venue
Frontiers in Immunology
Published
2018-02-12
Volume
9
Pages
73-73
ISSN
1664-3224 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2792841423
Cited by
222
References
182
Citations by year
2026: 23 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 5
FWCI
1.84
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Frontiers in Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Reproductive System and Pregnancy
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Keywords
prolactin, autoimmunity, sex differences in autoimmunity, hyperprolactinemia, pregnancy, postpartum period, motherhood, dopamine agonists, dopamine, hormonal regulation of immunity
MeSH terms
Animals, Autoantibodies, Autoimmune Diseases, Female, Humans, Hyperprolactinemia, Pregnancy, Prolactin, Sex Factors, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Autoimmunity, Cytokines

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