The DOI matches its Crossref record; 217 of the 217 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Sex Hormones in Acquired Immunity and Autoimmune Disease
Open accessAbstract
Women have stronger immune responses to infections and vaccination than men. Paradoxically, the stronger immune response comes at a steep price, which is the high incidence of autoimmune diseases in women. The reasons why women have stronger immunity and higher incidence of autoimmunity are not clear. Besides gender, sex hormones contribute to the development and activity of the immune system, accounting for differences in gender-related immune responses. Both innate and adaptive immune systems bear receptors for sex hormones and respond to hormonal cues. This review focuses on the role of sex hormones particularly estrogen, in the adaptive immune response, in health, and autoimmune disease with an emphasis on systemic lupus erythematosus.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Sex differences in immune responses
Klein, S. L., & Flanagan, K. L. (2016) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri.2016.90 · Cited by 6,370
(2016) · Diagnostic Imaging: Brain · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-37754-6.50094-4 · Cited by 3,990
Tsokos, G. C. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1100359 · Cited by 2,736
A transmembrane intracellular estrogen receptor mediates rapid cell signaling
Revankar, C. M., Cimino, D. F., Sklar, L. A., Arterburn, J. B., & Prossnitz, E. R. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1106943 · Cited by 2,302
Leptin modulates the T-cell immune response and reverses starvation-induced immunosuppression
Lord, G. M., Matarese, G., Howard, J. K., Baker, R. J., Bloom, S. R., & Lechler, R. I. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/29795 · Cited by 2,160
Nilsson, S., Mäkelä, S., Treuter, E., Tujague, M., Thomsen, J., Andersson, G., Enmark, E., Pettersson, K., Warner, M., & Gustafsson, J.-Å. (2001) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.4.1535 · Cited by 1,996
The complex role of estrogens in inflammation
Straub, R. H. (2007) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2007-0001 · Cited by 1,950
Differential Ligand Activation of Estrogen Receptors ERα and ERβ at AP1 Sites
Paech, K., Webb, P., Kuiper, G. G. J. M., Nilsson, S., Gustafsson, J.-Å., Kushner, P. J., & Scanlan, T. S. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.277.5331.1508 · Cited by 1,861
IL‐6: Regulator of Treg/Th17 balance
Kimura, A., & Kishimoto, T. (2010) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.201040391 · Cited by 1,595
Rate of Pregnancy-Related Relapse in Multiple Sclerosis
Confavreux, C., Hutchinson, M., Hours, M. M., Cortinovis-Tourniaire, P., & Moreau, T. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199807303390501 · Cited by 1,559
Cited by
Estrogenic control of mitochondrial function
Klinge, C. M. (2020) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2020.101435 · Cited by 293
Gerdts (2022) · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac470 · Cited by 241
Xist ribonucleoproteins promote female sex-biased autoimmunity
Dou, D. R., Zhao, Y., Belk, J. A., Zhao, Y., Casey, K. M., Chen, D. C., Li, R., Yu, B., Srinivasan, S., Abe, B. T., et al. (2024) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2023.12.037 · Cited by 233
Autoimmune diseases: Role of steroid hormones
Benagiano, M., Bianchi, P., D'Elios, M. M., Brosens, I., & Benagiano, G. (2019) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2019.03.001 · Cited by 49
RISING STARS: androgens and immune cell function
Ainslie, R. J., Simitsidellis, I., Kirkwood, P. M., & Gibson, D. A. (2024) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-23-0398 · Cited by 48
Metadata
- Authors
- Moulton, V. R.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2018-10-04
- Volume
- 9
- Pages
- 2279-2279
- ISSN
- 1664-3224 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2894926481
- Cited by
- 620
- References
- 217
- FWCI
- 29.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Sex Hormones in Acquired Immunity and Autoimmune Disease. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02279
- The paper
- Moulton, V. R. (2018). Sex Hormones in Acquired Immunity and Autoimmune Disease. Frontiers in Immunology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02279
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
