The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Persistence of SARS CoV-2 S1 Protein in CD16+ Monocytes in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) up to 15 Months Post-Infection
Open accessAbstract
The recent COVID-19 pandemic is a treatment challenge in the acute infection stage but the recognition of chronic COVID-19 symptoms termed post-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) may affect up to 30% of all infected individuals. The underlying mechanism and source of this distinct immunologic condition three months or more after initial infection remains elusive. Here, we investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein in 46 individuals. We analyzed T-cell, B-cell, and monocytic subsets in both severe COVID-19 patients and in patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). The levels of both intermediate (CD14+, CD16+) and non-classical monocyte (CD14Lo, CD16+) were significantly elevated in PASC patients up to 15 months post-acute infection compared to healthy controls (P=0.002 and P=0.01, respectively). A statistically significant number of non-classical monocytes contained SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein in both severe (P=0.004) and PASC patients (P=0.02) out to 15 months post-infection. Non-classical monocytes were sorted from PASC patients using flow cytometric sorting and the SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Cells from 4 out of 11 severe COVID-19 patients and 1 out of 26 PASC patients contained ddPCR+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells, however, only fragmented SARS-CoV-2 RNA was found in PASC patients. No full length sequences were identified, and no sequences that could account for the observed S1 protein were identified in any patient. That non-classical monocytes may be a source of inflammation in PASC warrants further study.
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Cites
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Cited by
Greene, C., Connolly, R., Brennan, D., Laffan, A., O’Keeffe, E., Zaporojan, L., O’Callaghan, J., Thomson, B., Connolly, E., Argue, R., et al. (2024) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-024-01576-9 · Cited by 429
Mechanisms of long COVID and the path toward therapeutics
Peluso, M. J., & Deeks, S. G. (2024) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2024.07.054 · Cited by 341
Baricitinib attenuates the proinflammatory phase of COVID-19 driven by lung-infiltrating monocytes
Dobosh, B., Zandi, K., Giraldo, D. M., Goh, S. L., Musall, K., Aldeco, M., LeCher, J., Giacalone, V. D., Yang, J., Eddins, D. J., et al. (2022) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110945 · Cited by 19
Blockade of endothelin receptors mitigates SARS-CoV-2-induced osteoarthritis
Au, M. T., Ni, J., Tang, K., Wang, W., Zhang, L., Wang, H., Zhao, F., Li, Z., Luo, P., Lau, L. C.-M., et al. (2024) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-024-01802-x · Cited by 11
Metadata
- Authors
- Patterson, B. K., Francisco, E. B., Yogendra, R., Long, E., Pise, A., Rodrigues, H., Hall, E., Herrera, M., Parikh, P., Guevara-Coto, J., Triche, T. J., Scott, P., Hekmati, S., Maglinte, D., Chang, X., Mora-Rodríguez, R. A., & Mora, J.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2022-01-10
- Volume
- 12
- Pages
- 746021-746021
- ISSN
- 1664-3224 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4226173484
- Cited by
- 280
- References
- 26
- FWCI
- 28.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
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- Patterson, B. K., Francisco, E. B., Yogendra, R., Long, E., Pise, A., Rodrigues, H., Hall, E., Herrera, M., Parikh, P., Guevara-Coto, J., Triche, T. J., Scott, P., Hekmati, S., Maglinte, D., Chang, X., Mora-Rodríguez, R. A., & Mora, J. (2022). Persistence of SARS CoV-2 S1 Protein in CD16+ Monocytes in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) up to 15 Months Post-Infection. Frontiers in Immunology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.746021
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
