Editorial: Epigenetics of infectious diseases
Open accessAbstract
The role of epigenetics in infectious diseasesHost genetics contribute to variations in the acquisition, disease manifestation, and outcomes of pathogenic infections across individuals.One of the factors influencing the variability in infection and pathogenesis is epigenetics.Epigenetic factors such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are instrumental in host-pathogen interactions.These factors regulate pathogen and host genes without altering their genetic sequences.For instance, viruses may modify host-specific histones to make the host genome more accessible for viral replication.In contrast, the host may silence the integrated viral genome through DNA methylation, inhibiting viral replication.Thus, the series of contributions gathered in this Research Topic explores intriguing epigenetic factors that influence host-pathogen interactions.This research will drive our understanding of the role of epigenetics in immunology, pathogenesis, and possible clinical intervention of infectious diseases.Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) from bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa may alter the epigenetic landscape of host immune cells involved in pathogen recognition.Ramendra et al. (2021) demonstrate that the potent fungal PAMP, 1,3-b-dglucan (BDG), alters monocyte chromatin accessibility and epigenetic landscape.The changes in histone modifications in monocytes match the accessibility of the chromatin on a global scale.The changes in the epigenetic landscape prompts glutathione synthesis and metabolism, which promotes the acute functional response of monocytes to infections.The hepatitis B viral HBx protein can dysregulate host microRNA (miRNA) profiles which, in turn, modulates its viral load and enhances persistence.Sartorius et al. (2021) reviews the literature on the influence HBx has on the host and viral epigenome.The authors further attempt to link HBx dysregulated epigenetic pathways in hepatitis B virus-induced hepatocellular carcinomas.
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Hepatitis B virus HBx protein can deregulate host miRNA profiles, contributing to increased viral load and improved persistence.
“The hepatitis B virus HBx protein can deregulate host miRNA profiles, contributing to increased viral load and improved persistence.”
From Revisiting Epigenetics Fundamentals and Its Biomedical Implications (2024) · cites this paper as [89]
The editorial states that HBx can dysregulate host miRNA profiles, modulate viral load, and enhance persistence. It does not specify that viral load increases, so that directional part of the claim is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredmiRNAs and lncRNAs regulate the expression of the ACE2 receptor.
“Several working groups have identified that miRNAs and lncRNAs regulate the expression of the ACE2 receptor [89].”
From Revisiting Epigenetics Fundamentals and Its Biomedical Implications (2024) · cites this paper as [89]
Epigenetic factors can explain the heterogeneity of COVID-19, highlighting the regulation of the viral entry point and immunoregulatory genes during infection.
“Epigenetic factors can also explain the heterogeneity of COVID-19, highlighting the regulation of the viral entry point and immunoregulatory genes during infection.”
From Revisiting Epigenetics Fundamentals and Its Biomedical Implications (2024) · cites this paper as [89]
During sepsis, lncRNAs and circular RNAs generally interact to regulate inflammatory signaling pathways such as NFK-B, PI3K/AKT, and JAK/STAT.
“Evidence has also been revealed that during sepsis, lncRNAs and circular RNAs generally interact to regulate inflammatory signaling pathways such as NFK-B, PI3K/AKT, and JAK/STAT [84,89].”
From Revisiting Epigenetics Fundamentals and Its Biomedical Implications (2024) · cites this paper as [89]
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns of fungi, viruses, bacteria, and protozoa can alter the epigenetic landscape of immune cells engaged in the recognition of host pathogens.
“An example of the above occurs with the pathogen-associated molecular patterns of fungi, viruses, bacteria, and protozoa that can alter the epigenetic landscape of immune cells engaged in the recognition of host pathogens.”
From Revisiting Epigenetics Fundamentals and Its Biomedical Implications (2024) · cites this paper as [89]
One factor that influences the variability of infectious diseases and their pathogenesis is epigenetic mechanisms.
“One of the factors that influences the variability of infectious diseases, and their pathogenesis is epigenetic mechanisms.”
From Revisiting Epigenetics Fundamentals and Its Biomedical Implications (2024) · cites this paper as [89]
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Cited by 11
- Authors
- Kulkarni, S., Arumugam, T., Chuturgoon, A., An, P., & Ramsuran, V.
- Affiliations
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute (US)
- University of KwaZulu-Natal (ZA)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (ZA)
- Corresponding author
- Ramsuran, Veron
- Venue
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2022-11-04
- Volume
- 13
- Pages
- 1054151-1054151
- ISSN
- 1664-3224 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9677090
- OpenAlex
- W4308448017
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2024: 8
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- South African Medical Research Council (DEL-15-006, FLAIR-FLR\R1\190204, GSKNVS2/202101/005)
- Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
- African Academy of Sciences (DEL-15- 006)
- National Institutes of Health (202101, DEL-15-006)
- Medical Research Council
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R56AI150371, R21AI140956, R01AI157850)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- epigenetics, infectious diseases, host-pathogen interaction, DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNA, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, β-1,3-glucan, glutathione metabolism, hepatitis B virus, HBx protein, microRNA, viral persistence, hepatocellular carcinoma, host genetics
- MeSH terms
- Communicable Diseases, Humans, Epigenesis, Genetic, Epigenomics
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