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Cited by 48Wound Healing and TreatmentsHemostasis and retained surgical itemsHydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications

Physiological fibrin hydrogel modulates immune cells and molecules and accelerates mouse skin wound healing

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Pereira, Rafaela Vaz Sousa, EzEldeen, Mostafa, Ugarte-Berzal, Estefania, Martens, Erik, Malengier-Devlies, Bert, Vandooren, Jennifer, Vranckx, Jan Jeroen, Matthys, Patrick +1 more·2023·Frontiers in Immunology
DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1170153PMC PMC10165074
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Abstract

Introduction: Wound healing is a complex process to restore homeostasis after injury and insufficient skin wound healing is a considerable problem in medicine. Whereas many attempts of regenerative medicine have been made for wound healing with growth factors and cell therapies, simple pharmacological and immunological studies are lagging behind. We investigated how fibrin hydrogels modulate immune cells and molecules in skin wound healing in mice. Methods: Physiological fibrin hydrogels (3.5 mg/mL fibrinogen) were generated, biophysically analyzed for stiffness and protein contents and were structurally studied by scanning electron microscopy. Physiological fibrin hydrogels were applied to full thickness skin wounds and, after 3 days, cells and molecules in wound tissues were analyzed. Leukocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and keratinocytes were explored with the use of Flow Cytometry, whereas cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases were analyzed with the use of qPCR, ELISAs and zymography. Skin wound healing was analyzed microscopically at day 3, macroscopically followed daily during repair in mice and compared with commercially available fibrin sealant Tisseel. Results: Exogenous fibrin at physiological concentrations decreased neutrophil and increased non-classical Ly6Clow monocyte and resolutive macrophage (CD206 + and CX3CR1 + ) populations, at day 3 after injury. Fibrin hydrogel reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased IL-10 levels. In line with these findings, gelatinase B/MMP-9 was decreased, whereas gelatinase A/MMP-2 levels remained unaltered. Frequencies of dermal endothelial cells, fibroblasts and keratinocytes were increased and keratinocyte migration was enhanced by fibrin hydrogel. Importantly, physiological fibrin accelerated the healing of skin wounds in contrast to the highly concentrated fibrin sealant Tisseel, which delayed wound repair and possessed a higher fiber density. Conclusion: Collectively, we show that adding a tailored fibrin hydrogel scaffold to a wound bed positively influences the healing process, modulating leukocyte populations and inflammatory responses towards a faster wound repair.

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  • Use of fibrin as standalone adhesion barriers is limited because fibrin can contribute to adhesion formation.

    “However, their use as standalone adhesion barriers is limited because fibrin can contribute to adhesion formation [71,72,73].”

    From Biomaterials in Postoperative Adhesion Barriers and Uterine Tissue Engineering (2025) · cites this paper as [73]

    The Discussion (page unavailable) says dense fibrin networks may impair cell migration and slow skin wound healing. Neither that passage nor the Introduction (page unavailable) addresses whether fibrin contributes to adhesion formation or is limited as a standalone adhesion barrier; searches for those terms found no supporting passage. (LLM, conf=0.73)

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Authors
Pereira, R. V. S., EzEldeen, M., Ugarte-Berzal, E., Martens, E., Malengier-Devlies, B., Vandooren, J., Vranckx, J. J., Matthys, P., & Opdenakker, G.
Affiliations
  • Rega Institute for Medical Research (BE)
  • KU Leuven (BE)
Corresponding author
Opdenakker, Ghislain
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Immunology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2023-04-24
Volume
14
Pages
1170153-1170153
ISSN
1664-3224 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fimmu.2023.1170153
PMC
PMC10165074
OpenAlex
W4366828359
Cited by
48
References
5
Citations by year
2026: 20 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 1
FWCI
5.26
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Frontiers in Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Lirias (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (G0A5716N)
  • KU Leuven
  • Vlaamse regering
  • Rega Foundation
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Wound Healing and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Hemostasis and retained surgical items
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
Keywords
fibrin gel, skin wound healing, full-thickness skin wounds, immune cell modulation, inflammatory cytokines, IL-10, matrix metalloproteinases, MMP-9, MMP-2, keratinocyte migration, leukocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, hydrogel stiffness
MeSH terms
Animals, Fibrin, Wound Healing, Fibrin Tissue Adhesive, Cytokines, Hydrogels, Endothelial Cells, Mice

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