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CAR-T cell therapy clinical trials: global progress, challenges, and future directions from ClinicalTrials.gov insights

Cao, Li-Ya, Zhao, Yue, Chen, Yang, Ma, Pan, Xie, Jiang-Chuan, Pan, Xin-Mei, Zhang, Xin, Chen, Yong-Chuan, Wang, Qian, Xie, Lin-Li·2025·Frontiers in Immunology
DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1583116PMC PMC12129935
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Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has undergone vigorous development in recent years, yet it still faces significant challenges and difficulties in its clinical application and further development. A systematic synthesis of global trends in CAR-T clinical trials is essential to identify knowledge gaps, optimize treatment strategies, and guide future research directions. This review analyzed 1,580 CAR-T clinical trials registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as of April 2024, and extracted characteristic data in multiple dimensions, including target specificity, treatment indication, and development stage etc. The transparency of trial outcomes was assessed by validation with articles published in PubMed/Google Scholar. Additionally, it is complemented by investigator surveys assessing to barriers to CAR-T development, prospects, and recommendations.

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Crossref · 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1583116

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Figures

Figure 1 CAR-T clinical trials screening flow diagram.
Figure 1 CAR-T clinical trials screening flow diagram.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Distribution of CAR-T trials conducted country, indication, and year.
Figure 2 Distribution of CAR-T trials conducted country, indication, and year.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 The types and quantities distribution of CAR-T targets in hematological diseases, solid tumors and autoimmune diseases.
Figure 3 The types and quantities distribution of CAR-T targets in hematological diseases, solid tumors and autoimmune diseases.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Comprehensive diagram of CAR-T trials targets, indications, quantity, and phase.
Figure 4 Comprehensive diagram of CAR-T trials targets, indications, quantity, and phase.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Citations

Cites

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Metadata

Authors
Cao, L.-Y., Zhao, Y., Chen, Y., Ma, P., Xie, J.-C., Pan, X.-M., Zhang, X., Chen, Y.-C., Wang, Q., & Xie, L.-L.
Venue
Frontiers in Immunology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2025-05-20
Volume
16
ISSN
1664-3224
DOI
10.3389/fimmu.2025.1583116
PMC
PMC12129935
Cited by
53
References
2
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)

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