Computer-based cognitive training for executive functions after stroke: a systematic review.
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BACKGROUND: Stroke commonly results in cognitive impairments in working memory, attention, and executive function, which may be restored with appropriate training programs. Our aim was to systematically review the evidence for computer-based cognitive training of executive dysfunctions. METHODS: Studies were included if they concerned adults who had suffered stroke or other types of acquired brain injury, if the intervention was computer training of executive functions, and if the outcome was related to executive functioning. We searched in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library. Study quality was evaluated based on the CONSORT Statement. Treatment effect was evaluated based on differences compared to pre-treatment and/or to a control group. RESULTS: Twenty studies were included. Two were randomized controlled trials that used an active control group. The other studies included multiple baselines, a passive control group, or were uncontrolled. Improvements were observed in tasks similar to the training (near transfer) and in tasks dissimilar to the training (far transfer). However, these effects were not larger in trained than in active control groups. Two studies evaluated neural effects and found changes in both functional and structural connectivity. Most studies suffered from methodological limitations (e.g., lack of an active control group and no adjustment for multiple testing) hampering differentiation of training effects from spontaneous recovery, retest effects, and placebo effects. CONCLUSIONS: The positive findings of most studies, including neural changes, warrant continuation of research in this field, but only if its methodological limitations are addressed.
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An active control group is important to include to create a placebo-like condition in addition to the waiting list condition.
“An active control group is important to include to create a placebo-like condition in addition to the waiting list condition (Van De Ven et al., 2016).”
From Evaluation of a Novel Psychological Intervention Tailored for Patients With Early Cognitive Impairment (PIPCI): Study Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial (2020) · cites this paper as Van De Ven et al., 2016
It is important to include a placebo-like condition so that the experimental group does not have a better prognosis than the comparison group for reasons other than the hypothesized effects of the intervention during the study.
“It is important to include a placebo-like condition so that the experimental group does not have a better prognosis than the comparison group for reasons other than the hypothesized effects of the intervention during the study”
From Evaluation of a Novel Psychological Intervention Tailored for Patients With Early Cognitive Impairment (PIPCI): Study Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial (2020) · cites this paper as Van De Ven et al., 2016
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- Authors
- van de Ven, R. M., Murre, J. M. J., Veltman, D. J., & Schmand, B. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Venue
- Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2016-04-20
- Volume
- 10
- Pages
- 150-150
- ISSN
- 1662-5161 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4837156
- OpenAlex
- W2337457555
- Cited by
- 94
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 6
- FWCI
- 0.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Human Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (056-14-013)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- computerized cognitive training, executive function, stroke, acquired brain injury, transfer of training, neuronal connectivity, functional connectivity, structural connectivity, cognitive rehabilitation, methodological limitations
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