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The influence of maternal prenatal and early childhood nutrition and maternal prenatal stress on offspring immune system development and neurodevelopmental disorders
Open accessAbstract
The developing immune system and central nervous system in the fetus and child are extremely sensitive to both exogenous and endogenous signals. Early immune system programming, leading to changes that can persist over the life course, has been suggested, and other evidence suggests that immune dysregulation in the early developing brain may play a role in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. The timing of immune dysregulation with respect to gestational age and neurologic development of the fetus may shape the elicited response. This creates a possible sensitive window of programming or vulnerability. This review will explore the effects of maternal prenatal and infant nutritional status (from conception until early childhood) as well as maternal prenatal stress and anxiety on early programming of immune function, and how this might influence neurodevelopment. We will describe fetal immune system development and maternal-fetal immune interactions to provide a better context for understanding the influence of nutrition and stress on the immune system. Finally, we will discuss the implications for prevention of neurodevelopmental disorders, with a focus on nutrition. Although certain micronutrient supplements have shown to both reduce the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders and enhance fetal immune development, we do not know whether their impact on immune development contributes to the preventive effect on neurodevelopmental disorders. Future studies are needed to elucidate this relationship, which may contribute to a better understanding of preventative mechanisms. Integrating studies of neurodevelopmental disorders and prenatal exposures with the simultaneous evaluation of neural and immune systems will shed light on mechanisms that underlie individual vulnerability or resilience to neurodevelopmental disorders and ultimately contribute to the development of primary preventions and early interventions.
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“This is in keeping with a large body of research showing that maternal physiology, particularly stress (85–87) and nutrition (88–90), can greatly impact the neural and behavioral development of offspring.”
From Oxytocin during Development: Possible Organizational Effects on Behavior (2015) · cites this paper as [90]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Marques, A. H., O'Connor, T. G., Roth, C., Susser, E., & Bjørke-Monsen, A.-L.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NO)
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Marques, Andrea Horvath
- ORCID
- Susser, Ezra
- Venue
- Frontiers in Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 7
- Pages
- 120-120
- ISSN
- 1662-453X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3728489
- OpenAlex
- W2116510315
- Cited by
- 226
- References
- 238
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 14.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- GRO (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH073019)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (T32DK091227)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- maternal nutrition, prenatal nutrition, infant nutrition, maternal stress, maternal anxiety, fetal immune system development, neurodevelopmental disorders, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, maternal-fetal immune interaction, micronutrient supplementation
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