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A Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire Has Relative Validity to Identify Groups of NOVA Food Classification System Among Mexican Adults

Oviedo-Solís, Cecilia Isabel, Monterrubio-Flores, Eric A., Rodríguez-Ramírez, Sonia, Cediel, Gustavo, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Barquera, Simón·2022·Frontiers in Nutrition
DOI 10.3389/fnut.2022.737432PMC PMC8850985
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Abstract

Background: Ultra-processed foods are recognized as indicators of an unhealthy diet in epidemiological studies. In addition to ultra-processed foods, the NOVA food classification system identifies three other groups with less processing. Unprocessed foods that, together with minimally processed foods (MPF), make NOVA group 1, NOVA group 2 is processed culinary ingredients, and NOVA group 3 is processed foods. Objective: To assess the relative validity of the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) to estimate the energy intake for each group NOVA classification system by comparing it with two 24 h-dietary-recall (24DRs) Mexican adults. Methods: We analyzed dietary information from 226 adults included <60 and ≥60 years with complete SFFQ and two 24DRs from the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012. We reported mean differences, Spearman correlation coefficients, intra-class correlations coefficients, Bland–Altman plots, and weighted kappa between measures. Results: The percentage energy intake from unprocessed and minimally processed foods group, Spearman correlation coefficients was 0.54 in adults <60 years and 0.42 in adults ≥60 years, while ultra-processed foods group was 0.67 and 0.48, respectively. The intra-class correlation coefficients in the unprocessed and minimally processed foods group was 0.51 in adults <60 years and 0.46 in adults ≥60 years, and for the ultra-processed foods group were 0.71 and 0.50, respectively. Bland–Altman plots indicated reasonably consistent agreement for unprocessed and minimally processed foods group and ultra-processed foods group in adults <60 years and adults in the ≥60 age group. Weighted kappa was 0.45 in the ultra-processed foods group to adults <60 years and was 0.36–≥60 years. Conclusion: The SFFQ had acceptable validity to rank the percentage of energy intake from unprocessed and minimally processed foods group and ultra-processed foods group in Mexican adults, both in adults under 60 years and who were 60 years old or older.

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  • Studies using best practices have found food frequency questionnaires to be acceptably valid and reliable in classifying foods using Nova.

    “Studies using best practices 203 have found food frequency questionnaires to be acceptably valid and reliable in classifying foods using Nova.[204][205][206][207]”

    From Ultra-processed foods and human health: the main thesis and the evidence (2025) · cites this paper as [205]

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Metadata

Authors
Oviedo-Solís, C. I., Monterrubio-Flores, E. A., Rodríguez-Ramírez, S., Cediel, G., Denova-Gutiérrez, E., & Barquera, S.
Venue
Frontiers in Nutrition
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2022-02-03
Volume
9
ISSN
2296-861X
DOI
10.3389/fnut.2022.737432
PMC
PMC8850985
Cited by
20
References
4
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)

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