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Cited by 48Physical Activity and HealthChildren's Physical and Motor DevelopmentObesity, Physical Activity, Diet

Physical fitness plays a crucial mediator role in relationships among personal, social, and lifestyle factors with adolescents' cognitive performance in a structural equation model. The cogni-action project

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Lemes, Vanilson, Gaya, Anelise R., Sadarangani, Kabir P., Aguilar-Farias, Nicolas, Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Fernando, Martins, Clarice Maria de Lucena, Fochesatto, Camila, Cristi-Montero, Carlos·2021·Frontiers in Pediatrics
DOI 10.3389/fped.2021.656916PMC PMC8236613
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Abstract

Background: The beneficial relationship between physical fitness and cognitive performance is affected and modulated by a wide diversity of factors that seem to be more sensitive during the development stage, particularly during early adolescence. This study aimed to examine the role of physical fitness considering the multivariate association between age, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), school vulnerability index (SVI), body mass index z-score (BMIz), physical activity, and sleep problems with the cognitive performance in boys and girls. Method: Participants were 1,196 adolescents aged 10–14 years (50.7% of boys) from Chile. Three physical fitness components and eight cognitive tasks were measured. BMIz was determined using growth references by age and sex, whereas questionaries were used to assess sleep problems, physical activity, and HRQOL. SVI was established according to the score given by the Chilean Government to educational establishments. We performed a structural equation model (SEM) to test multivariate associations among study' variables by sex. Results: Fitness was positively associated with boys' and girls' cognitive performance (β = 0.23 and β = 0.17; p = 0.001, respectively). Moreover, fitness presented a significant mediator role in the relationships between BMIz, SVI, and physical activity with cognitive performance (indirect effect). Additionally, SVI showed a negative association both direct and indirect effect in all three fitness components and all cognitive tasks, being this relationship stronger in girls than in boys. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that physical fitness and all its components play a crucial mediator role in the associations between several factors associated with adolescents' cognitive performance. Thereby, educational and health strategies should prioritise improving physical fitness through physical activity. They also should address other factors such as school vulnerability, obesity, and the early gender gap in a comprehensive approach boosting cognitive performance among early adolescents. Trial registration: Research Registry (ID: researchregistry5791).

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Authors
Lemes, V., Gaya, A. R., Sadarangani, K. P., Aguilar-Farias, N., Rodriguez-Rodriguez, F., Martins, C. M. D. L., Fochesatto, C., & Cristi-Montero, C.
Affiliations
  • Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (BR)
  • Universidad Autónoma de Chile (CL)
  • Universidade Federal da Paraíba (BR)
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Pediatrics
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2021-06-14
Volume
9
Pages
656916-656916
ISSN
2296-2360 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fped.2021.656916
PMC
PMC8236613
OpenAlex
W3169522468
Cited by
48
References
86
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3
FWCI
5.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Frontiers in Pediatrics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Omeka S (Universidad de La Frontera) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico, Tecnológico y de Innovación Tecnológica
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Children's Physical and Motor Development
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Keywords
physical fitness, cognitive performance, adolescents, mediation, BMI z-score, physical activity, sleep disorders, health-related quality of life, obesity, sex differences, early adolescence

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