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Cited by 224Sleep and Wakefulness ResearchRegulation of Appetite and ObesityNeuroscience of respiration and sleep

Orexin System: The Key for a Healthy Life

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Chieffi, Sergio, Carotenuto, Marco, Monda, Vincenzo, Valenzano, Anna, Villano, Ines, Precenzano, Francesco, Tafuri, Domenico, Salerno, Monica +12 more·2017·Frontiers in Physiology
DOI 10.3389/fphys.2017.00357PMC PMC5450021
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Abstract

The orexin-A/hypocretin-1 and orexin-B/hypocretin-2 are neuropeptides synthesized by a cluster of neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and perifornical area. Orexin neurons receive a variety of signals related to environmental, physiological and emotional stimuli, and project broadly to the entire CNS. Orexin neurons are "multi-tasking" neurons regulating a set of vital body functions, including sleep/wake states, feeding behavior, energy homeostasis, reward systems, cognition and mood. Furthermore, a dysfunction of orexinergic system may underlie different pathological conditions. A selective loss orexin neurons was found in narcolepsia, supporting the crucial role of orexins in maintaining wakefulness. In animal models, orexin deficiency lead to obesity even if the consume of calories is lower than wildtype counterpart. Reduced physical activity appears the main cause of weight gain in these models resulting in energy imbalance. Orexin signaling promotes obesity resistance via enhanced spontaneous physical activity and energy expenditure regulation and the deficiency/dysfunction in orexins system lead to obesity in animal models despite of lower calories intake than wildtype associated with reduced physical activity. Interestingly, orexinergic neurons show connections to regions involved in cognition and mood regulation, including hippocampus. Orexins enhance hippocampal neurogenesis and improve spatial learning and memory abilities, and mood. Conversely, orexin deficiency results in learning and memory deficits, and depression.

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  • Orexin is associated with memory processing, motivation, reward, and addiction, which have been described as behaviors that are affected by TBI.

    “Orexin is also associated with memory processing,113–116 motivation, reward,117 and addiction,118 which have been described as behaviors that are affected by TBI.9,119–123”

    From Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on the Orexin/Hypocretin System (2025) · cites this paper as [113]

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Authors
Chieffi, S., Carotenuto, M., Monda, V., Valenzano, A., Villano, I., Precenzano, F., Tafuri, D., Salerno, M., Filippi, N., Nuccio, F., Ruberto, M., De Luca, V., Cipolloni, L., Cibelli, G., Mollica, M. P., Iacono, D., Nigro, E., Monda, M., Messina, G., & Messina, A.
Affiliations
  • University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (IT)
  • University of Foggia (IT)
  • Parthenope University of Naples (IT)
  • Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
  • University of Naples Federico II (IT)
  • Biomedical Research Institute (US)
  • CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore (Italy) (IT)
Corresponding author
  • Monda, Vincenzo
  • Messina, Giovanni
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Physiology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2017-05-31
Volume
8
Pages
357-357
ISSN
1664-042X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fphys.2017.00357
PMC
PMC5450021
OpenAlex
W2620356510
Cited by
224
References
88
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 1
FWCI
2.20
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Frontiers in Physiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (submittedVersion, public-domain)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara) (submittedVersion)
  • CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (Parthenope University of Naples) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
Keywords
orexin, orexin neurons, lateral hypothalamus, perifornical area, sleep-wake regulation, feeding behavior, energy homeostasis, reward systems, cognition, mood regulation, hippocampal neurogenesis, spatial learning and memory, depression, obesity, physical activity, narcolepsy, wakefulness

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