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Cited by 95Plant-Microbe Interactions and ImmunityPlant Stress Responses and TolerancePlant Growth Enhancement Techniques

Rhizospheric Bacillus spp. Rescues Plant Growth Under Salinity Stress via Regulating Gene Expression, Endogenous Hormones, and Antioxidant System of Oryza sativa L

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Khan, Muhammad Aaqil, Hamayun, Muhammad, Asaf, Sajjad, Khan, Murtaza, Yun, Byung-Wook, Kang, Sang-Mo, Lee, In-Jung·2021·Frontiers in Plant Science
DOI 10.3389/fpls.2021.665590PMC PMC8226221
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Abstract

Salinity has drastically reduced crop yields and harmed the global agricultural industry. We isolated 55 bacterial strains from plants inhabiting the coastal sand dunes of Pohang, Korea. A screening bioassay showed that 14 of the bacterial isolates secreted indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 12 isolates were capable of exopolysaccharide (EPS) production and phosphate solubilization, and 10 isolates secreted siderophores. Based on our preliminary screening, 11 bacterial isolates were tested for salinity tolerance on Luria–Bertani (LB) media supplemented with 0, 50, 100, and 150 mM of NaCl. Three bacterial isolates, ALT11, ALT12, and ALT30, had the best tolerance against elevated NaCl levels and were selected for further study. Inoculation of the selected bacterial isolates significantly enhanced rice growth attributes, viz., shoot length (22.8–42.2%), root length (28.18–59%), fresh biomass (44.7–66.41%), dry biomass (85–90%), chlorophyll content (18.30–36.15%), Chl a (29.02–60.87%), Chl b (30.86–64.51%), and carotenoid content (26.86–70%), under elevated salt stress of 70 and 140 mM. Furthermore, a decrease in the endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) content (27.9–23%) and endogenous salicylic acid (SA) levels (11.70–69.19%) was observed in inoculated plants. Antioxidant analysis revealed an increase in total protein (TP) levels (42.57–68.26%), whereas it revealed a decrease in polyphenol peroxidase (PPO) (24.63–34.57%), glutathione (GSH) (25.53–24.91%), SOA (13.88–18.67%), and LPO levels (15.96–26.06%) of bacterial-inoculated plants. Moreover, an increase in catalase (CAT) (26–33.04%), peroxidase (POD) (59.55–78%), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (13.58–27.77%), and ascorbic peroxidase (APX) (5.76–22.74%) activity was observed. Additionally, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis showed a decline in Na+content (24.11 and 30.60%) and an increase in K+(23.14 and 15.45%) and Mg+(2.82 and 18.74%) under elevated salt stress.OsNHX1 gene expression was downregulated (0.3 and 4.1-folds), whereas the gene expression of OsPIN1A, OsCATA, and OsAPX1 was upregulated by a 7–17-fold in bacterial-inoculated rice plants. It was concluded that the selected bacterial isolates, ALT11, ALT12, and ALT30, mitigated the adverse effects of salt stress on rice growth and can be used as climate smart agricultural tools in ecofriendly agricultural practices.

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Authors
Khan, M. A., Hamayun, M., Asaf, S., Khan, M., Yun, B.-W., Kang, S.-M., & Lee, I.-J.
Affiliations
  • Kyungpook National University (KR)
  • Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (PK)
  • University of Nizwa (OM)
Corresponding author
Lee, In-Jung
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Plant Science
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2021-06-11
Volume
12
Pages
665590-665590
ISSN
1664-462X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fpls.2021.665590
PMC
PMC8226221
OpenAlex
W3169566112
Cited by
95
References
117
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 3
Type
book review
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Frontiers in Plant Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
National Research Foundation of Korea
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Growth Enhancement Techniques
Keywords
rhizosphere bacteria, Bacillus, salt stress, rice, plant growth promotion, indole-3-acetic acid, exopolysaccharide production, phosphate solubilization, siderophores, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, endogenous plant hormones, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, glutathione, catalase

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