The international platform of registered systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (INPLASY) at 3 years: an analysis of 4,658 registered protocols on inplasy.com, platform features, and website statistics
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Background: INPLASY ® is an international platform for registering systematic reviews and meta-analysis protocols that was launched in March 2020. INPLASY ® provides an online database in which the protocols are maintained as permanent public records and can be accessed on its website ( www.inplasy.com ). Methods: We described the database features and registered information of all records published since the launch of the registry on March 31, 2023. Additionally, we analyzed the website statistics dataset to explore user experience and promote data transparency. Results: Four thousand six hundred fifty-eight records were registered in INPLASY ® , and more than 94% of the protocols were published within 24 h. Most of the submissions were from China, followed by Portugal, Taiwan, Malaysia, and Brazil. The INPLASY ® website received 386,395 page views from 64,568 visitors during the first three years. The accesses were obtained from 170 countries. Most of the accesses were from China, followed by the US, the UK, and Portugal. The review status “completed and published” was observed in 898 protocols, and these studies were published in 372 different scientific peer-reviewed journals. The features of INPLASY ® include the following: (i) INPLASY ® identifier, a unique protocol number; (ii) the digital object identifier (DOI) number, the URL of the protocol linked to a specific DOI; (iii) ORCID update, INPLASY ® automatically updates authors' ORCID page, including their protocol; and (iv) search tools, the protocols are freely accessible on www.inplasy.com . Conclusions: INPLASY ® has several practical and useful features that should be considered when planning the registration of a systematic review protocol. Furthermore, the sharp increase in the number of protocols registered in INPLASY ® in the first three years and the database statistics demonstrate that INPLASY ® has become an important source of systematic review protocols. Therefore, authors should access INPLASY ® before planning a future review study to avoid unintended duplication of efforts and to obtain timely registration.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The protocol for this systematic review and meta-analysis has been registered a priori at INPLASY.
“The protocol for this systematic review and meta-analysis has been registered a priori at the International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (INPLASY) (30).”
From Machine learning-based risk predictive models for diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [30]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Shamseer, L., Moher, D., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., Shekelle, P., Stewart, L. A., & the PRISMA-P Group (2015) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.g7647 · Cited by 13,120 · cited 4× · see citing works
“The INPLASY R © protocol was developed based on PRISMA-P recommendations (Shamseer et al., 2015) and the PROSPERO registration form.”
MethodInfluentialPage, M. J., Shamseer, L., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Sampson, M., Tricco, A. C., Catalá-López, F., Li, L., Reid, E. K., Sarkis-Onofre, R., et al. (2016) · PLOS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002028 · Cited by 768 · see citing works
Li, Y., Choi, C., Leung, K. S. M., Jiang, F., Graham, D. Y., & Leung, W. K. (2023) · The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · doi:10.1016/s2468-1253(23)00070-5 · Cited by 561 · see citing works
An international registry of systematic-review protocols
Booth, A., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Moher, D., Petticrew, M., & Stewart, L. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60903-8 · Cited by 512 · see citing works
Where to prospectively register a systematic review
Pieper, D., & Rombey, T. (2022) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-021-01877-1 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Registering systematic reviews
Straus, S., & Moher, D. (2010) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.081849 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Protocol registration improves reporting quality of systematic reviews in dentistry
dos Santos, M. B. F., Agostini, B. A., Bassani, R., Pereira, G. K. R., & Sarkis-Onofre, R. (2020) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-020-00939-7 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Debunking myths of protocol registration
Chang, S., & Slutsky, J. R. (2012) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/2046-4053-1-4 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Most published meta-analyses were made available within two years of protocol registration
Andersen, M. Z., Fonnes, S., Andresen, K., & Rosenberg, J. (2021) · European Journal of Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.eujim.2021.101342 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Does the PROSPERO registration prevent double review on the same topic?
Solla, F., Bertoncelli, C. M., & Rampal, V. R. (2020) · BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjebm-2020-111361 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Puljak, L. (2020) · BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjebm-2020-111474 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Banno, M., Tsujimoto, Y., & Kataoka, Y. (2022) · Annals of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.37737/ace.22007 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Li, Y., Jin, N., Zhan, Q., Huang, Y., Sun, A., Yin, F., Li, Z., Hu, J., & Liu, Z. (2025) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1495306 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Panagiotopoulou, P., & Skoultsos, S. (2025) · Tourism and Hospitality · doi:10.3390/tourhosp6050250 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Heuts, S., Ubben, J. F. H., Kawczynski, M. J., Gabrio, A., Suverein, M. M., Delnoij, T., Kaválková, P., Rob, D., Komárek, A., van der Horst, I. C. C., et al. (2024) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-024-05008-9 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Chen, H., Qiu, Y., Yin, Z., Wang, Z., Tang, Y., Ni, H., Lu, J., Chen, Z., Kong, Y., & Wang, Z. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1280226 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Hamilton, M. G., Williams, M. A., Edwards, S., & Tullberg, M. (2025) · Neurosurgery Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.nec.2024.12.006 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Wan, N., Chan, C., Tan, J. L., Chinnaratha, M. A., & Singh, R. (2025) · Gastrointestinal Endoscopy · doi:10.1016/j.gie.2025.03.001 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Costa, S., de Sousa, L. X. M., Luz, H., & Padeiro, M. (2022) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/07334648221116633 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Ricoy-Cano, A. J., Zambrano, C. V., Robles, Y. D. L. F., & Vásquez-Peña, G. E. (2024) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380241234342 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Xu, J., Pan, L., Wu, D., Yao, L., Jiang, W., Min, J., Xu, S., & Deng, Z. (2024) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-024-12528-8 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Instruments for Assessing Loneliness in Older People in Portugal: A Scoping Review
Carvalho, R., de Sousa, L. X. M., & Tavares, J. (2023) · Portuguese Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1159/000529147 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Biglari, S., Shahrooei, M., Vahidnezhad, F., Youssefian, L., Ziaee, V., Rezaei, N., Moghaddam, A. S., Sedighzadeh, S. S., Moravej, H., Foroushani, P. S., et al. (2025) · Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1136/jmg-2024-110606 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Tan, J. L., Lokan, T., Chinnaratha, M. A., & Veysey, M. J. (2024) · JGH Open · doi:10.1002/jgh3.70013 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Stakeholder-driven telework performance: a systematic review across COVID-19 eras
Marques, I. C. P., Rocha, R. G., Ramos, R., Gonçalves, S. P., & Nogueira, F. (2025) · Personnel Review · doi:10.1108/pr-01-2025-0024 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Ferreira, R. T., Reis, M. Q., Lange, M. H. P., da Costa, M. W. F., Silva, G. K. M., Lemos, A. B. O., Dias, D. R. L., Viana, M. D. L. S., dos Santos, A. L. O., Fernandes, A. P., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics · doi:10.3389/frma.2026.1738112 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationGehling, G. M., Alfaqih, M., Pruinelli, L., Starkweather, A. R., & Dungan, J. R. (2024) · Breast Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/s13058-024-01914-6 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Tan, J. L., Heng, K., Chinnaratha, M. A., Bulamu, N. B., Kaambwa, B., & Singh, R. (2024) · iGIE · doi:10.1016/j.igie.2024.01.001 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Xv, Y., Feng, Y., & Lin, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2024.1494693 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Next-Generation Flap Monitoring: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Hyperspectral Imaging
Atmodiwirjo, P., & Cristabella, R. (2026) · Archives of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1055/a-2660-4344 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Gower, W. A., Kakazu, M. T., Shanthikumar, S., Srinivasan, S., Reardon, E. E., Barochia, A. V., Charbek, E., Calvo, C., Cheng, P. C., Das, S., et al. (2025) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-025-05501-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Meta all the way down: An overview of neuroimaging meta-analysesPreprint
Oudyk, K., Dockès, J., Peraza, J. A., Kent, J. D., Torabi, M., Wang, M., McPherson, B., Mirhakimi, N., de la Vega, A. I., Laird, A. R., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.01.21.634094 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Anazor, F. C., Relwani, J., & Dhinsa, B. S. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma · doi:10.1016/j.jcot.2024.102435 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Wu, Z., Zhang, W., Miao, W., Li, S., Xie, J., Lu, W., Yan, Y., Peng, L., & Luo, W. (2025) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000041419 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Li, Z., Wang, Y., Fang, D., Wang, Y., Han, H., Zhang, X., & Chen, Z. (2026) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1771010 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Casazza, R., Hashmi, A., Fogel, J. F., & Shani, J. (2026) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2026.107385 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Suicides in general hospitals: Meta-analysis of incidence and trends
Schrader, J., Sharma, S. K., Azer, A., & Large, M. M. B. (2026) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00048674261441088 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Borges, F. C. P., Ferreira, R. T., Duarte, K. H. A., de Sousa, C. W., Fernandes, A. B. M., Pinheiro, M. R. B., Pimentel, T. E. M., de Oliveira, G. A., Reis, M. Q., Lange, M. H. P., et al. (2026) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-026-02919-9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationFu, Q., Sandeep, B., Yang, Y.-F., Li, H., Xian, L., Yuan, J.-L., & Huang, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1871492 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Canellas, J. V. D. S., Ritto, F., Fernandes, G. V. O., Ritto, F. P., Figueredo, C. M., & Vettore, M. V. (2024) · doi:10.37766/inplasy2024.5.0090 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationXu, J., Pan, L., Wu, D., Yao, L., Jiang, W., Min, J., Xu, S., & Deng, Z. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26739657
Heuts, S., Ubben, J. F. H., Kawczynski, M. J., Gabrio, A., Suverein, M. M., Delnoij, T., Kaválková, P., Rob, D., Komárek, A., van der Horst, I. C. C., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26742932
Heuts, S., Ubben, J. F. H., Kawczynski, M. J., Gabrio, A., Suverein, M. M., Delnoij, T., Kaválková, P., Rob, D., Komárek, A., van der Horst, I. C. C., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26742929
Xu, J., Pan, L., Wu, D., Yao, L., Jiang, W., Min, J., Xu, S., & Deng, Z. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26113036
Xu, J., Pan, L., Wu, D., Yao, L., Jiang, W., Min, J., Xu, S., & Deng, Z. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26113162
Sturrock, D., Cronin, J. B., & Oranchuk, D. J. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9488535/v1
Francesco, A. D., Munafò, A., Catania, G., Aprile, S. F., Canonico, S., Concerto, C., Rodolico, A., Signorelli, M. S., Leucht, S., & Caraci, F. (2026) · Pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1055/a-2869-0635
Self-citationHow should retrospectively registered protocols be interpreted in systematic reviews?
Canellas, J. V. D. S., & Borges, F. C. P. (2026) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-026-03278-8
Self-citationYu, Y. J., Zhu, L. H., & Guo, W. C. (2026) · International Journal of Radiation Research · doi:10.66224/ijrr.24.3.37
Comparison of Surgical Approaches for Hirschsprung’s Disease: A Network Meta-Analysis
Ku, H.-C., Wei, C., Huang, Y.-J., & Huang, F. (2026) · Journal of Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2026.163568
- Authors
- Canellas, J. V. D. S., Ritto, F. G., Rodolico, A., Aguglia, E., Fernandes, G. V. D. O., Figueredo, C. M. D. S., & Vettore, M. V.
- Affiliations
- International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (CH)
- University of Oklahoma (US)
- University of Catania (IT)
- Griffith University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Canellas, João Vitor dos Santos
- ORCID
- Venue
- Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2023-07-31
- Volume
- 8
- Pages
- 1135853-1135853
- ISSN
- 2504-0537 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10426905
- OpenAlex
- W4385416024
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 2.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Academic Publishing and Open Access
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Research Data Management Practices
- Keywords
- online databases, research transparency, ORCID, digital object identifiers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review