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Cited by 293Antibiotic Resistance in BacteriaEscherichia coli research studiesAntibiotic Use and Resistance

Escherichia coli as Commensal and Pathogenic Bacteria among Food-Producing Animals: Health Implications of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Production

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Ramos, Sónia, Silva, Vanessa, Dapkevicius, Maria de Lurdes Enes, Caniça, Manuela, Tejedor-Junco, María Teresa, Igrejas, Gilberto, Poeta, Patrícia·2020·Animals
DOI 10.3390/ani10122239PMC PMC7761174
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Abstract

Escherichia coli are facultative, anaerobic Gram-negative rods with many facets. Within resistant bacterial populations, they play an important ecological role and can be used as a bioindicator of antimicrobial resistance. All animal species used for food production, as well as humans, carry E. coli in their intestinal tracts; plus, the genetic flexibility and adaptability of this bacteria to constantly changing environments allows it to acquire a great number of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. Thus, the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in these commensal bacteria (or others, such as enterococci) can be a good indicator for the selective pressure caused by the use of antimicrobial agents, providing an early warning of the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in pathogens. As many as 90% of E. coli strains are commensals inhabiting the intestinal tracts of humans and warm-blooded animals. As a commensal, it lives in a mutually beneficial association with its hosts and rarely causes diseases. However, E. coli also remains as one of the most frequent causes of several common bacterial infections in humans and animals. In humans, it is the prominent cause of enteritis, community- and hospital-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI), septicemia, postsurgical peritonitis, and other clinical infections, such as neonatal meningitis, while, in farm animals, it is more prominently associated with diarrhea. On a global scale, E. coli can be considered the most important human pathogen, causing severe infection along with other major bacterial foodborne agents, such as Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter. Thus, the importance of resistance in E. coli, typically considered a benign commensal, should not be underestimated.

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Ramos, S., Silva, V., Dapkevicius, M. D. L. E., Caniça, M., Tejedor-Junco, M. T., Igrejas, G., & Poeta, P.
Affiliations
  • University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (PT)
  • Universidade dos Açores (PT)
  • Universidade do Porto (PT)
  • Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Canary Islands, Spain
Corresponding author
Poeta, Patrícia
ORCID
Venue
Animals
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-11-29
Volume
10
Issue
12
Pages
2239
ISSN
2076-2615 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/ani10122239
PMC
PMC7761174
OpenAlex
W3107766653
Cited by
293
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 57 · 2025: 82 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 14
FWCI
1.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Animals (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Acceda (Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria) (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Escherichia coli research studies
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology › Antibiotic Use and Resistance
Keywords
Escherichia coli, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, antimicrobial resistance, commensal bacteria, food-producing animals, bioindicators, zoonotic transmission, urinary tract infection, enteritis, gastrointestinal infections, Enterococcus, foodborne pathogens

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