Using Laminar Nanoclays for Phycocyanin and Phycoerythrin Stabilization as New Natural Hybrid Pigments from Microalgae Extraction
Open accessAbstract
C-Phycocyanin (PC) and B-phycoerythrin (PE) are light-harvesting water-soluble phycobiliproteins from microalgae that belong mainly to the cyanobaceria and rhodhophytes families. Different methods have been developed for PC and PE extraction and purification from microalgae, and offer a high potential for their use as additives in sectors such as food and cosmetics. However, the main limitations of using these dyes are the sensitivity of their environmental factors, such as light fastness, temperature, and pH. We successfully employed safe lamellar nanoclays such as montmorillonite (M) and Laponite (L) for phycobiliproteins stabilization, as we did before with other natural dyes. We obtained a wide color gamut from blues to pink by combining four different factors under synthesis conditions: three dye concentrations; two laminar nanoclay sizes; a two nanoclay surface modifiers combination with cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) and a coupling agent (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane. The experimental conditions were defined according to a multilevel factorial design of experiment (DOE) to study the factors interacting in the final hybrid pigment characteristics. In both M and L, the d001 distance (nm) increased due to PC and PE adsorption. The best conditions to increase the basal space depend on the nanoclay structure, and it is better to use the surfactant for M, and silane modification for L. In addition, optical and thermal PE and PC properties significantly improved. We show the optimal synthesis conditions to increase PC and PE adsorption using the high dye concentration, with surfactant and silane depending on the nanoclay. The hybrid pigments from these phycobiliproteins offer the opportunity to perform several industrial applications, including in polymer additives, cosmetics, and packaging.
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Brown algae contain multiple pigment types, with fucoxanthin (a xanthophyll) being the most prominent, masking other pigments such as chlorophyll-a and carotenoids.
“Brown algae contain multiple pigment types, with fucoxanthin (a xanthophyll) being the most prominent, masking other pigments such as chlorophyll-a and carotenoids (Micó-Vicent et al ., 2021).”
From Physical and chemical characterization of scrub soap enriched with <i>Sargassum polycystum</i> powder: Karakteristik fisik dan kimia sabun scrub dengan penambahan serbuk <i>Sargassum polycystum</i> (2026) · cites this paper as Micó-Vicent et al., 2021
The Introduction discusses carotenoids in algal resources and the pigments phycocyanin and phycoerythrin, but does not address brown algae or fucoxanthin. Searches for fucoxanthin, brown algae, chlorophyll-a, and pigment masking found no passage supporting the attributed claim; page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.74)
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- Authors
- Micó-Vicent, B., Perales Romero, E., Bermejo, R., Jordán-Núñez, J., Viqueira, V., & Pérez, J.
- Affiliations
- Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica, Universitat Politècnica de València, 03801 Alcoy, Spain
- Departamento de Óptica Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
- Universidad de Jaén (ES)
- Universitat Politècnica de València (ES)
- University of Alicante (ES)
- Venue
- Applied Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-12-16
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 11992
- ISSN
- 2076-3417 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4200492867
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 0.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Applied Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- RiuNet (Universitat Politècnica de València) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Alicante (Universidad de Alicante) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (RTI2018-096000-B-100)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Clay minerals and soil interactions
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Botanical Research and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties
- Keywords
- phycocyanin, phycoerythrin, phycobiliproteins, montmorillonite, Laponite, hybrid pigments, natural pigments, dye adsorption, cetylpyridinium bromide, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, color gamut, light fastness, thermal stability, microalgae extracts, polymer additives
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